Sir Alexander Fleming Reading Answers

Jan 14, 2025

Sir Alexander Fleming Reading Answers is an academic reading answers topic.
Sir Alexander Fleming Reading Answers has a total of 13 IELTS questions in total.

In the question set you have to choose the correct heading for each paragraph. In the next question set you have to choose the correct answers. In the last set you have to answer the question in no more than two words.

The IELTS Reading section is an essential part of the test that evaluates a candidate's comprehension and analysis of various passage types. You will work through a number of IELTS reading practice problems in this section that resemble actual test situations. These questions are designed to help you improve your ability to recognize essential concepts, extract particular facts, and make inferences. Practicing these IELTS reading problems can help you get comfortable with the structure and increase your confidence for the exam, regardless of whether you are studying for the Academic or General Training module.

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Section 1 SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING READING ANSWERS

A. Sir Alexander Fleming Is a Scottish bacteriologist best known for his discovery of penicillin, Fleming had a genius for technical Ingenuity and original observation. His work on wound Infection and lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme found in tears and saliva, guaranteed him a place in the history of bacteriology. But it was his discovery of penicillin in 1928, which started the antibiotic revolution that sealed his lasting reputation. Fleming was recognized for that achievement in 1945, when he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Australian pathologist Howard Walter Florey and German-born British biochemist Ernst

Boris Chain, both of whom isolated and purified penicillin.

B. Fleming was the seventh Of eight children Of a Scottish hill farmer (third Of four children from the farmer's second wife). His country upbringing in southwestern Scotland sharpened his capacities for observation and appreciation of the natural world at an early age. He began his elementary schooling at Loudoun Moor and then moved on to a larger school at Darvel before enrolling in Kilmarnock Academy In 1894. In 1895 he moved to London to live With his elder brother Thomas (who worked as an oculist) and completed his basic education at Regent Street Polytechnic. After working as a London shipping clerk. Fleming began his medical studies at St.

Mary's Hospital Medical School in 1901, funded by a scholarship and a legacy from his uncle. There he won the 1908 gold medal as the top medical student at the University of London. At first, he planned to become a surgeon, but a temporary position in the laboratories of the Inoculation Department at St. Mary's Hospital convinced him that his future laid in the new field of bacteriology. There he came under the influence of bacteriologist and immunologist Sir Almroth Edward Wright, whose ideas of vaccine therapy seemed to offer a revolutionary direction in medical treatment.

C. In November 1921 Fleming discovered lysozyme, an enzyme present in body fluids such as saliva and tears that has a mild antiseptic effect. That was the first of his major discoveries. It came about when he had a cold and a drop of his nasal mucus fell onto a culture plate of bacteria, Realizing that his mucus might have an effect on bacterial growth, he mixed the mucus Into the culture and a few weeks later he saw signs of the bacteria having been dissolved. Fleming's study of lysozyme, which he considered his best work as a scientist, was a significant contribution to the understanding of how the body fights infection. Unfortunately, lysozyme had no effect on the most-pathogenic bacteria.

D. On September 3, 1928, shortly after his appointment as professor of bacteriology, Fleming noticed that a culture plate of Staphylococcus aureus he had been working on had become contaminated by a fungus. A mold, later identified as Penicilliumnotatum (now classified as P. chrysogenum), had inhibited the growth Of the bacteria. He at first called the substance "mould juice"and then ‘’penicillin’’after the mold that produced it. Fleming decided to investigate further, because he thought that he had found an enzyme more potent than lysozyme. In fact, It was not an enzyme but an antibiotic—one of the first to be discovered. By the time Fleming had established that, he was interested in penicillin for itself. Very much the Ione researcher with an eye for the unusual, Fleming had the freedom to pursue anything that interested him. Although that approach was ideal for taking advantage of a chance observation, the therapeutic development of penicillin required multidisciplinary teamwork. Fleming, working with two young

researchers, failed to stabilize and purify penicillin. However, he did point out that penicillin had clinical potential, both as a topical antiseptic and as an injectable antibiotic, if it could be isolated and purified.

E. Penicillin eventually came into use during World War II as the result of the work of a team of scientists led by Howard Florey at the University Of Oxford. Though Florey, his coworker Ernst Chain, and Fleming shared the 1945 Nobel Prize, their relationship was of the romance of his chance discovery and his greater willingness to speak to Journalists.

F. In 1953, two years prior to his death, Fleming married Greek microbiologist Amalia Coutsouris-Voureka who had been involved in the Greek resistance movement during World War II and had been Fleming's colleague since 1946, when she enrolled at St. Mary's

Hospital on a scholarship. For the last decade of his life, Fleming was feted universally for his discovery of penicillin and acted as a world ambassador for medicine and science. Initially a shy, uncommunicative man and a poor lecturer, he blossomed under the attention he received, becoming one of the world's best-known scientists.

Questions 27-32

Reading passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-G.

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph

from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-viii.

i. Efforts finally paid off across the world

ii. The first accidental scientific finding

iii. Conflicts about credits

iv. Difficult childhood In the countryside

v. Happy marriage late in life

vi. A range of achievements that provide huge fame for a person

vii. Changes and success in career path

viii. A failure Of a person in developing his own discovery

27. Paragraph A

Answer: VI

Supporting statement: But it was his discovery of penicillin in 1928, which started the antibiotic revolution that sealed his lasting reputation.

Keywords: antibiotic, reputation

Keyword Location: Para A, Line 5

Explanation: Sir Alexander Fleming is a bacteriologist from Scotland who gained fame in 1928 when he discovered penicillin, starting the antibiotic revolution that cemented his renown. For that accomplishment, Fleming was awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

28. Paragraph B

Answer: VII

Supporting statement:At first, he planned to become a surgeon, but a temporary position in the laboratories of the Inoculation Department at St. Mary's Hospital

Keywords: temporary, laboratories

Keyword Location: Para B, Line 10

Explanation:Fleming initially intended to become a surgeon, but after working temporarily in the Inoculation Department's labs at St. Mary's Hospital, he was persuaded that the growing science of bacteriology was the correct path to go.

29. Paragraph C

Answer: II

Supporting statement:In November 1921 Fleming discovered lysozyme, an enzyme present in body fluids such as saliva and tears that has a mild antiseptic effect.

Keywords: 1921, discovered

Keyword Location: Para C, Line 1

Explanation:Fleming made the discovery of lysozyme in November 1921. This enzyme, which is found in bodily fluids including tears and saliva, has a mild antibacterial effect. One of Fleming's greatest scientific achievements was his study of lysozyme, which enabled us to understand how the body fights infection.

30. Paragraph D

Answer: VIII

Supporting statement: Fleming, working with two young researchers, failed to stabilize and purify penicillin.

Keywords: working, purify

Keyword Location: Para D, Lines 10-11

Explanation: As the therapeutic development of penicillin required multidisciplinary teamwork Fleming worked with two young researchers to stabilize and purify penicillin but his attempt was not fruitful.

31. Paragraph E

Answer: III

Supporting statement: Ernst Chain, and Fleming shared the 1945 Nobel Prize, their relationship was of the romance of his chance discovery

Keywords: Nobel, relationship

Keyword Location: Para E, Line 3

Explanation: The work of a group of scientists at the University of Oxford under the direction of Howard Florey ultimately led to the use of penicillin during World War II. Although Florey, his colleague Ernst Chain, and Fleming all received the 1945 Nobel Prize, their relationship was romanticized by his accidental discovery and his increased openness to talking to journalists.

32. Paragraph F

Answer: I

Supporting statement:Fleming was feted universally for his discovery of penicillin and acted as a world ambassador for medicine and science

Keywords: universally, ambassador

Keyword Location: Para F, Lines 4-5

Explanation: For the remaining ten years of his life, Fleming served as a global ambassador for science and medicine and was honored everywhere for discovering penicillin. He started off as a quiet, reserved man and a poor lecturer, but with the attention he got, he developed into one of the most well-known scientists in the world.

Questions 33-36

Reading Passage 3 has seven sections,

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G.

33. A brief description of Fleming's personalities

Answer: F

Supporting statement: Initially a shy, uncommunicative man and a poor lecturer,

Keywords: uncommunicative,lecturer

Keyword Location: Para F, Line 6

Explanation:The passage states that Fleming was a shy person; he had problems communicating with others and all this made him a poor lecturer.

34. An anti-bacterial enzyme that was of no use when it comes to getting rid of a certain type of bacteria

Answer: C

Supporting statement: Unfortunately, lysozyme had no effect on the most-pathogenic bacteria.

Keywords: lysozyme, pathogenic

Keyword Location: Para C, Lines 7-8

Explanation: The passage mentions that most types of bacteria were unaffected from the lysozyme an anti-bacterial enzyme

35. A reference to a senior in a scientific field that had potential ideas for a medical revolution

Answer: B

Supporting statement: bacteriologist and immunologist Sir Almroth Edward Wright, whose ideas of vaccine therapy seemed to offer a revolutionary direction in medical treatment.

Keywords: bacteriologist, vaccine

Keyword Location: Para B, Lines 12-13

Explanation: The passage highlights that the theories of Sir Almroth Edward Wright regarding vaccine therapy appeared to provide a revolutionary method of medical care.

36. An unsuccessful result despite assistance from other people

Answer: D

Supporting statement: Fleming, working with two young researchers, failed to stabilize and purify penicillin.

Keywords: researchers, failed

Keyword Location: Para D, Line 12

Explanation: According to the passage Fleming worked with two young researchers to stabilize and purify penicillin but his attempt was unsuccessful as the penicillin was not stabilized and brought to its purest form.

Questions 37-40

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

37.Who financially supported Fleming's study in a medical school?

Answer: HIS UNCLE

Supporting statement:Fleming began his medical studies at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School in 1901, funded by a scholarship and a legacy from his uncle.

Keywords: medical, scholarship

Keyword Location: Para B, Lines 7-8

Explanation: According to the passage Fleming was able to get admission into St. Mary's Hospital Medical School in 1901 through a scholarship funded by the legacy of his uncle.

38. What was the initial job that Fleming intended to do after his success at university?

Answer: SURGEON

Supporting statement: At first, he planned to become a surgeon,

Keywords: planned, surgeon

Keyword Location: Para B, Line 10

Explanation: The passage states that at the beginning Fleming wanted to become a surgeon but a temporary job in the St. Mary's Hospital Inoculation Department laboratory made him believe that the newly developed field of bacteriology was where his future belonged.

39. What skill that is necessary for developing penicillin 's healing property?

Answer: MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMWORK

Supporting statement: the therapeutic development of penicillin required multidisciplinary teamwork.

Keywords: therapeutic, teamwork

Keyword Location: Para D, Line

Explanation: According to the passage the therapeutic development of penicillin required multidisciplinary teamwork as it was impossible to stabilize and purify it without anyone's help by themself.

40. For how long did Fleming enjoy his marriage before he passed away?

Answer: TWO YEARS

Supporting statement:In 1953, two years prior to his death, Fleming married Greek microbiologist Amalia Coutsouris-Voureka

Keywords: 1953, married

Keyword Location: Para F, Line 1

Explanation: The passage mentions that Fleming only enjoyed his married life with his wife Amalia Coutsouris-Voureka, a Greek microbiologist for only two years before his death.

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