AP LAWCET 2024 LLB 3 Years Question Paper(Available) :Download Solution PDF with Answer Key

As of April 2024, the current chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is Ms. Madhabi Puri Buch. Quick Tip: Stay updated with the latest appointments in important regulatory bodies such as SEBI, as they often have significant impacts on financial regulations.

As of now, Shri M. K. Stalin is the current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. Quick Tip: Stay updated with political appointments as they influence the governance of a state.

Shri Raghubar Das is the current Governor of Odisha. Quick Tip: Governor appointments are key positions in the states, and it's important to stay informed about the officials in charge.

Shri Justice Ramalingam Sudhakar is the current president of the National Company Law Tribunal. Quick Tip: The position of the president of the National Company Law Tribunal is an important judicial appointment in India.

India's first hydrogen fuel cell ferry was developed and constructed by Cochin Shipyard. Quick Tip: India is advancing in green technologies such as hydrogen fuel cell-based transport. Keep an eye on innovations in the maritime sector.

Kamal Kishore has been appointed as the special representative for disaster risk reduction by the United Nations Secretary-General. Quick Tip: Keep track of important appointments in international organizations such as the United Nations for updated knowledge on global leadership in disaster management.

The UTSAH portal was introduced by the University Grants Commission (UGC) to promote innovation and digital transformation in higher education. Quick Tip: Stay informed about new educational portals launched by significant educational bodies like UGC to support digital initiatives in India.

International Human Rights Day is celebrated annually on December 10th to commemorate the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations. Quick Tip: Keep an eye on international observances such as Human Rights Day to understand global movements and discussions on human rights.

C.D. Deshmukh was the first Indian to hold the position of the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in independent India, serving from 1943 to 1949. Quick Tip: The Governor of RBI plays a critical role in shaping the monetary policy of the country, so knowing the historical figures in this position is important.

The Copyright Act is the statutory law that helps protect the rights of creators of literary, cultural, artistic, and creative works. Quick Tip: Copyright protects intellectual property rights related to creative works such as books, art, music, and software.

Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, and it became one of the most important antibiotics in medical history. Quick Tip: Penicillin revolutionized medicine by offering a powerful tool to fight bacterial infections.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected unopposed as the President of India in 1977. Quick Tip: Unopposed elections often reflect the consensus and unity in the political environment of that time.

Justice Harilal J. Kania was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India after independence. Quick Tip: The first Chief Justice plays a crucial role in shaping the judiciary of the nation after independence.

Hirakud Dam, located in Odisha, is built across the Mahanadi River and is one of the longest earthen dams in the world. Quick Tip: Hirakud Dam is crucial for flood control, irrigation, and power generation in the Mahanadi River basin.

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire, which became one of the most influential empires in Indian history. Quick Tip: Chandragupta Maurya was mentored by Chanakya, whose guidance led to the formation of a vast empire.

The Right to Property was originally a fundamental right under the Constitution of India, but it was later removed and made a legal right through the 44th Amendment Act of 1978. Quick Tip: Keep in mind that fundamental rights can be amended. The Right to Property is no longer a fundamental right, but it still holds significance as a legal right.

According to the Constitution of India, the minimum age required to become a member of the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is 21 years. Quick Tip: The minimum age requirements for various elected offices in India are outlined in the Constitution. Keep these age limits in mind for election-related questions.

The largest delta in the world, the Sundarbans Delta, is formed by the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Quick Tip: The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta is one of the most fertile regions in the world and an important geographical feature.

The 2024 Summer Olympics will be hosted by France in Paris. Quick Tip: Olympic Games are hosted by different countries every 4 years. Stay informed about the upcoming Olympic hosts and their preparations.

Harihara I, along with his brother Bukka Raya I, founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 AD in South India. Quick Tip: The Vijayanagara Empire was one of the most powerful and prosperous empires in South Indian history.

Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, which was one of the most tragic events in India's struggle for independence. Quick Tip: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre played a key role in galvanizing the Indian independence movement.

The Rohingyas are an ethnic group who have been refugees primarily from Myanmar, facing persecution in the Rakhine state. Quick Tip: Rohingya refugees have faced significant humanitarian challenges, with many fleeing to neighboring countries like Bangladesh and beyond.

Faizabad is the former name of Ayodhya Cantt, a city in Uttar Pradesh, which is famous for its religious and historical significance, especially in the context of Ramayana. Quick Tip: Faizabad and Ayodhya are significant cities in Indian history, especially with regard to religious and cultural heritage.

Meteoroids are small pieces of rock or metal that move around the sun and become meteors when they enter the Earth's atmosphere. Quick Tip: Meteoroids, when they enter the atmosphere and burn up, are called meteors. If they reach the Earth’s surface, they are known as meteorites.

Mango is the national fruit of India, known for its sweetness and cultural significance in Indian cuisine and tradition. Quick Tip: Mango is often referred to as the "King of Fruits" and is widely celebrated in India.

The United Nations (UN) was established on October 24, 1945, after the end of World War II to promote international cooperation and maintain peace. Quick Tip: The United Nations plays a critical role in maintaining global peace and security through its various specialized agencies.

Earth is called the "Blue Planet" because of its blue oceans and atmosphere, visible from space. Quick Tip: Earth is the only known planet in the solar system to support life due to its atmosphere and liquid water.

The Nile is the longest known river in the world, flowing through northeastern Africa, and it is about 6,650 km long. Quick Tip: The Nile River holds the record for the longest river in the world, followed by the Amazon River in South America.

Manganin is an alloy composed of copper, manganese, and nickel. It is commonly used in the construction of resistors. Quick Tip: Manganin is known for its stable resistance over a wide range of temperatures, making it useful in precision resistors.

M.S. Swaminathan, the Father of the Green Revolution in India, was recently awarded the Padma Vibhushan, one of the highest civilian awards in India. Quick Tip: The Padma Vibhushan is awarded for exceptional and distinguished service in any field including public affairs, art, literature, science, etc.

According to the Forest Survey of India, approximately 33% of India’s total land area is covered by forests. Quick Tip: Forests play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. Keep track of environmental statistics like forest cover for better understanding of natural resources.

Israel shares borders with Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt, which are located to its north, northeast, east, and southwest respectively. Quick Tip: Familiarizing yourself with the geopolitical boundaries of countries helps in understanding international relations and conflicts.

'Panchayatan' is a temple construction style that involves the central shrine with four subsidiary shrines at the corners. It became prominent in Indian architecture during the medieval period. Quick Tip: Panchayatan style is an example of Vastu Shastra principles being applied in temple construction in India.

Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. He ascended the throne in 1526 after defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Panipat. Quick Tip: Babur's victory at Panipat marked the beginning of the Mughal era in India, shaping its culture and governance.

Uttar Pradesh shares borders with 8 states, making it the Indian state with the maximum number of state borders. Quick Tip: Uttar Pradesh is strategically located in North India and shares borders with multiple states, making it a key state for political, economic, and cultural exchanges.

Warren Hastings was the first British Governor-General of India, serving from 1773 to 1785. Quick Tip: Warren Hastings played a crucial role in the establishment of British control in India and was responsible for several reforms during his tenure.

SGST (State Goods and Services Tax) was implemented in India from 1st July 2017, as a part of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime. Quick Tip: GST was a significant tax reform that unified the Indian market under one indirect tax system.

Rajiv Kumar is the Chief Election Commissioner of India and will oversee the 2024 Parliamentary \& Assemblies Elections. Quick Tip: The Chief Election Commissioner plays a crucial role in overseeing the electoral process and ensuring fair and transparent elections in India.

World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on 15th March each year to raise awareness about consumer rights and protect the interests of consumers. Quick Tip: World Consumer Rights Day focuses on highlighting the importance of consumer protection and promoting safe and ethical consumer practices globally.

As of now, six countries have successfully achieved soft landings on the moon: the United States, the Soviet Union, China, India, Israel, and Japan. Quick Tip: The soft landing on the moon is a significant achievement in space exploration, as it demonstrates advanced technological capabilities.

Swachhadhara is a Government of India initiative for cleaning and maintaining water bodies across the country, promoting cleanliness and sustainability. Quick Tip: Water bodies cleaning initiatives are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring clean drinking water resources.

The given pattern follows a series of abbreviations, and the correct continuation of this pattern is QSUZ. Quick Tip: When solving pattern recognition questions, always look for logical sequences or repetitions in the elements provided.

The correct order of words as per the dictionary is "Organic", "Orient", "Origin", and "Organ". Hence, the correct order is 2413. Quick Tip: When sorting words alphabetically, always compare the first letter first, then the second, and so on.

Russia's currency is Ruble, not "Rubal". All other countries listed have correct currency names. Quick Tip: Always cross-check currency names to avoid common errors when dealing with international currencies.

The total age of the 10 players is \( 10 \times 32 = 320 \). When the coach is added, the total age of the 11 people becomes \( 11 \times 34 = 374 \). Therefore, the coach’s age is \( 374 - 320 = 54 \) years. Quick Tip: In average-related questions, use the formula: \[ New average = \frac{Total sum of ages}{Number of people}. \]

Mauritius declared a state of environmental emergency in 2020 following an oil spill from a Japanese ship that threatened the island's coral reefs and marine biodiversity. Quick Tip: Stay updated with environmental news as these incidents often affect ecosystems and biodiversity.

Sourav Ganguly is the current President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). Quick Tip: The president of the BCCI plays a crucial role in overseeing cricket in India and representing it internationally.

Damon Galgut won the 2021 Booker Prize for Fiction for his novel "The Promise". Quick Tip: The Booker Prize is one of the most prestigious awards for literary excellence in the English language.

Ethiopia announced plans to build the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile, which has caused concerns in Sudan and Egypt due to potential water flow disruptions. Quick Tip: Water disputes around river basins often involve geopolitical concerns, especially when multiple countries share the same water sources.

India conducted the 'Sampriti' military exercise with Bangladesh in 2023 to enhance military cooperation and interoperability between the two nations. Quick Tip: Military exercises between neighbouring countries strengthen bilateral relations and help in addressing regional security challenges.

Australia won the 2022 ICC Men’s T20 World Cup, defeating New Zealand in the final to claim their second T20 World Cup title. Quick Tip: Australia's victory in the 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup added to their legacy as a dominant force in international cricket.

David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian were awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries on receptors that allow us to sense temperature and touch. Quick Tip: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine often honors breakthrough discoveries that have wide applications in science and medicine.

NASA's Juno spacecraft discovered that the lightning on Jupiter is similar to that of Earth, indicating similar atmospheric phenomena. Quick Tip: Space exploration provides fascinating insights into how planetary atmospheres and weather systems can function in different environments.

The President of India holds office for a term of 5 years, according to the Constitution of India. Quick Tip: Understanding the tenure of political offices helps in recognizing the terms for which officials are elected and their re-election process.

Gold is exempt from GST under current tax regulations, unlike electrical goods, paper, and petrol, which are subject to GST. Quick Tip: GST exemptions are given to certain essential goods and commodities like gold to encourage investments and savings.

A non-member of the Central Cabinet can be appointed for a maximum period of 6 months, after which they must be elected as a member of Parliament to continue holding the position. Quick Tip: A non-member's appointment is subject to a time limit, after which they must secure a parliamentary seat to remain in office.

The human adult body typically has 206 bones. This number may vary slightly due to variations like extra bones in the ribs or extra bones in the hands or feet. Quick Tip: Understanding human anatomy helps in various fields like medicine, biology, and forensic science.

NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) replaced the Planning Commission of India in 2015, with a renewed focus on cooperative federalism and economic planning. Quick Tip: NITI Aayog aims to foster cooperative federalism by promoting the involvement of state governments in national policy-making.

The Pamban Bridge, also known as the Rameswaram Bridge, is the first sea bridge in India. It connects the town of Rameswaram to the mainland of India. Quick Tip: The Pamban Bridge is an engineering marvel and plays an important role in connecting the Tamil Nadu coast to the island of Rameswaram.

Manipur is the state that recently accorded industry status to sports, aiming to boost the sports infrastructure and provide more opportunities for athletes. Quick Tip: Recognizing sports as an industry can help promote infrastructure development and enhance sports performance through better funding and resources.

Lok Adalats are created under the Legal Services Authority Act, 1987. They are designed to resolve disputes in a fast and inexpensive manner. Quick Tip: Lok Adalats help in reducing the backlog of cases in courts and provide quicker resolutions for disputes.

Article 16 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. Quick Tip: Article 16 ensures that no citizen is discriminated against in employment opportunities based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

The President of India can seek re-election an unlimited number of times, provided they continue to win the elections. Quick Tip: Unlike many countries, the President of India can hold office for any number of terms as long as they win the elections.

The "Gram Panchayats" are included in Schedule 11 of the Indian Constitution, which deals with the provisions related to local governance. Quick Tip: Schedule 11 contains provisions for Panchayats and municipalities, ensuring their function and empowerment in local governance.

The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was set up to examine the working of local self-government in India and it recommended the introduction of a democratic decentralization model, leading to the establishment of Panchayati Raj. Quick Tip: The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee played a key role in strengthening local self-governance in India by suggesting reforms and setting up the Panchayati Raj system.

C. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India. He was the only Indian to hold the office of Governor-General before the title was abolished in 1950, after which India became a republic. Quick Tip: C. Rajagopalachari, also known as Rajaji, was a key figure in India's independence movement and became the first and only Indian Governor-General of independent India.

Legal agreements are the ones that are enforceable in a court of law. Social and moral agreements, though important, are not legally binding and are not enforceable. Quick Tip: In contract law, for an agreement to be legally binding, it must have elements like mutual consent, a lawful object, and a legal purpose.

A quasi contract is a type of implied contract where the law imposes an obligation on a party to prevent unjust enrichment, even if there is no actual agreement between the parties. Quick Tip: Quasi contracts help ensure fairness by allowing courts to enforce obligations where a formal contract may not exist, preventing unjust enrichment.

Unliquidated damages are those that are to be assessed by a court, as they are not predetermined and depend on the situation and the court's discretion. Quick Tip: Unliquidated damages are not fixed by a contract and must be determined by the court based on the specifics of the case.

Trespass is the unlawful entry onto someone else's property without permission. It is a civil wrong and can also lead to criminal prosecution. Quick Tip: Trespass is a direct violation of property rights and can result in legal action against the trespasser.

Foreign sovereigns, ambassadors, alien enemies, and heads of state such as Presidents and Governors are often immune from the jurisdiction of the criminal courts of the country where they are located. Quick Tip: Diplomatic immunity and other exceptions protect foreign sovereigns and certain officials from prosecution in many countries.

In India, the age of a minor for the offence of kidnapping is below 16 years for males and below 18 years for females, according to the relevant laws. Quick Tip: The age limit for kidnapping laws varies depending on the jurisdiction and the gender of the person involved.

The Indian Penal Code was applied in Jammu and Kashmir under the name of the Ranbir Penal Code before the abrogation of Article 370. Quick Tip: The Ranbir Penal Code was unique to Jammu and Kashmir, with provisions similar to the Indian Penal Code.

Injure sine damna refers to an injury caused to a legal right without any actual damage being done to the person or property. Quick Tip: Injure sine damna is an important concept in tort law, where a legal wrong is committed without direct harm or loss.

Customs that have the force of law are those that have evolved over time and are accepted as binding by society, such as legal customs and conventional customs. Quick Tip: Legal customs that are accepted by society, as well as conventional customs that are commonly practiced, can hold legal force in many legal systems.

The Government of India Act, 1919, introduced a bicameral legislature in India by creating two houses: the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of State. Quick Tip: The Government of India Act, 1919, marked a significant step toward the self-governance of India, including the introduction of a bicameral legislative system.

In the Golaknath v. State of Punjab case (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that the Preamble of the Constitution is an integral part of it, although it was not originally considered part of the Constitution by the Court. Quick Tip: The case of Golaknath is a landmark case in Indian constitutional law as it made it clear that fundamental rights cannot be amended by Parliament.

Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution provides protection against self-incrimination, ensuring that no person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Quick Tip: Article 20(3) is a crucial part of the fundamental rights that protect individuals from forced confessions or self-incrimination.

The retirement age for judges of the High Court in India is 62 years, as specified by the Constitution. Quick Tip: Judges of the Supreme Court and High Court in India retire at 65 and 62 years of age, respectively.

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976) added the words "Socialist," "Secular," and "Integrity" to the Preamble of the Constitution of India. Quick Tip: The 42nd Amendment marked a significant change to the Preamble by inserting these words, reflecting the values the country aimed to uphold.

A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two competent persons for doing a lawful act. The agreement must be supported by consideration. Quick Tip: For an agreement to be a contract, it must be legally enforceable, involve competent parties, and have a lawful objective.

The decision to impose President's Rule in a state is based on the recommendation of the Governor, who reports on the constitutional breakdown in the state. Quick Tip: The President can impose President's Rule in a state only upon the recommendation of the Governor after assessing the situation.

The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) is 250 members, but currently, it is set at 245, with 12 members nominated by the President. Quick Tip: The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament of India, and its membership limit is 250 as per the Constitution of India.

According to the law, a person who is arrested must be presented before a Magistrate within 24 hours of the arrest, as per the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). Quick Tip: Ensure that a person arrested is brought before a Magistrate within 24 hours to ensure that their detention is lawful.

Article 20 and 21, which deal with protection of rights regarding arrest and detention in certain cases, and protection of life and personal liberty, cannot be suspended during a national emergency. Quick Tip: Article 20 and 21 provide essential protections and are not subject to suspension even during a national emergency.

The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 specifies the minimum age for marriage as 18 years for women and 21 years for men in India. Quick Tip: The legal age for marriage under the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 is 18 for women and 21 for men to prevent child marriages.

In the case of Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992), the Supreme Court upheld the ceiling of 50% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions, ruling it as the maximum permissible limit. Quick Tip: The Indra Sawhney case is significant in Indian constitutional law for setting the limit on reservations at 50%.

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was constituted in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. Quick Tip: The NHRC plays a crucial role in safeguarding human rights in India, and it was established in 1993 as a statutory body.

In the case of I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007), the Supreme Court ruled that laws in the Ninth Schedule are not immune from judicial review and can be challenged on grounds of violation of fundamental rights. Quick Tip: This case was pivotal in interpreting the relationship between fundamental rights and laws in the Ninth Schedule.

The Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is appointed by the President of India, as per the provisions of Article 316 of the Indian Constitution. Quick Tip: The UPSC Chairman plays a key role in organizing recruitment for civil services and other important posts within the government.

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 is the legislation that governs consumer rights and aims to protect consumers from unfair trade practices, misleading advertisements, and defective goods and services. Quick Tip: The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 is a more comprehensive law compared to the earlier 1986 Act and includes provisions for consumer redressal and digital platforms.

The Supreme Court of India has original jurisdiction in cases of disputes between states, as per Article 131 of the Indian Constitution. Quick Tip: Article 131 of the Indian Constitution provides the Supreme Court with the authority to adjudicate disputes between states or between the states and the Union.

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 is the primary legislation that addresses sexual harassment at the workplace in India. Quick Tip: The 2013 Act mandates the formation of internal complaints committees and sets procedures for redressing complaints of sexual harassment at work.

An invitation to offer is not an actual offer but an indication that a party is open to receiving offers. It is the first step in forming a contract, and the offer is made in response to it. Quick Tip: An invitation to offer is like an advertisement or auction where an offeror invites bids but does not create a binding contract until an offer is made.

Res Judicata is a Latin term meaning "a matter already judged." It is a principle in law that prevents a case that has been decided from being re-litigated. Quick Tip: The doctrine of Res Judicata helps in avoiding the wastage of judicial resources and ensures that issues are resolved conclusively in legal proceedings.

The Minimum Wages Act, 1948, provides for the fixation of minimum wages for workers in certain scheduled industries, ensuring that they are paid a fair wage. Quick Tip: The Minimum Wages Act ensures that employees are paid at least the minimum wages for their work, safeguarding their rights.

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Samhita, theft is punishable by both fine and imprisonment. This provision aims to provide an effective deterrent against theft. Quick Tip: The law on theft under Bharatiya Nyaya Samhita is comprehensive, combining fines and imprisonment for those found guilty.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) includes methods like arbitration, mediation, and conciliation to resolve disputes outside the court system. Compensation, on the other hand, is a remedy, not a method of dispute resolution. Quick Tip: ADR methods like arbitration, mediation, and conciliation are designed to resolve conflicts efficiently without resorting to litigation.

The term "Doctrine of uberrimae fidei" refers to the legal principle that parties to a contract must act in good faith and deal with each other fairly and honestly, especially in situations involving trust and confidence, such as insurance contracts. Quick Tip: In contracts that involve trust, such as insurance, the doctrine of uberrimae fidei ensures both parties disclose all relevant facts truthfully.

The Madrid System, which facilitates international registration of trademarks, is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). This system allows businesses to register their trademarks in multiple countries with a single application. Quick Tip: WIPO manages the Madrid System to simplify the international trademark registration process, making it more cost-effective for businesses.

The term 'fair use' in copyright law refers to the ability to use copyrighted works without permission, provided the use is for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, research, or news reporting, and it does not harm the market value of the original work. Quick Tip: Fair use is a defense in copyright infringement cases that allows limited use of copyrighted works under specific conditions without permission from the copyright holder.

Under the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, both male and female descendants are entitled to inherit ancestral property. The Act gives equal rights to both sons and daughters in the inheritance of ancestral property. Quick Tip: Under the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, both male and female heirs have equal rights to the ancestral property, emphasizing gender equality in inheritance.

Misrepresentation occurs when one party intentionally makes a false statement or representation that induces another party to enter into a contract. It may lead to the contract being voidable if it affects the consent of the party. Quick Tip: Misrepresentation can invalidate a contract if it is proven that one party intentionally deceived another to gain an unfair advantage in the agreement.

Jeremy Bentham is known for developing the theory of utilitarianism, which asserts that the best action is the one that maximizes happiness and minimizes pain for the greatest number of people. Quick Tip: Utilitarianism focuses on the outcomes of actions, emphasizing happiness as the highest good in decision-making.

Coercion in contract law refers to the use of threats or force to compel someone to enter into an agreement. It makes the contract voidable at the discretion of the coerced party. Quick Tip: Coercion is an illegal act that invalidates consent in contract law, leading to the possibility of the contract being set aside.

In legal terms, the person who is charged with a crime is referred to as the accused. The accused is the individual against whom criminal charges have been filed. Quick Tip: The term 'accused' refers to the person against whom a criminal case is brought in a court of law.

The contract described is void because it involves an illegal activity under most legal systems. Surrogacy contracts that attempt to bypass certain legal or moral standards are typically considered void. Quick Tip: A void contract is one that is legally unenforceable because it involves illegal activities or violates public policy.

According to a recent ruling by the Supreme Court, the Government is not considered liable under consumer law. This ruling defines the scope of consumer law exclusions. Quick Tip: In consumer law, certain parties, like government institutions, are often exempted from being sued under consumer protection laws.

The Indian Constitution recognizes five types of writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto. These writs are used to protect the fundamental rights of individuals. Quick Tip: The five types of writs are vital tools for enforcing the rule of law in India. They are available under Article 32 of the Constitution for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

In legal research, identifying a problem is the most crucial first step. Without a clear problem, it is difficult to proceed with gathering data, reviewing literature, or formulating hypotheses. Quick Tip: The success of legal research begins with clearly identifying the legal issues or problems you aim to address.

Domestic violence is most effectively explained by Conflict Theory, which suggests that violence often stems from power imbalances and conflict within relationships. Quick Tip: When studying domestic violence, consider how social power dynamics and control within relationships influence behavior, as emphasized by Conflict Theory.

An accomplice is someone who actively participates or assists in committing a crime. They are directly involved in the criminal activity alongside the primary offender. Quick Tip: An accomplice is someone who helps in committing a crime, while a witness only observes the crime.

Dacoity is considered one of the most serious crimes because it involves a group of people participating in robbery, often with violence or the threat of violence. It is more severe than theft or extortion. Quick Tip: Dacoity involves organized robbery by a group, which makes it a more serious offense compared to theft or extortion.

A divorcee is someone who has legally separated from their spouse and can validly enter into a contract. A minor, unborn, and mentally unsound persons cannot legally contract in most circumstances. Quick Tip: Persons who are legally competent, such as a divorcee, can validly enter into contracts, whereas minors and mentally unsound individuals are usually restricted.

Strict liability is a legal doctrine that holds a party responsible for damages or injury caused by their actions, regardless of fault or intent. This means the party can be held liable without proving negligence or fault. Quick Tip: Strict liability holds a person or entity liable for their actions, even without fault or intent. It's common in cases involving dangerous activities.

India recognizes commercial surrogacy in certain conditions, though there are laws in place regulating its practice. The other options such as altruistic surrogacy, right to abortion, and right to same-sex marriage are also part of evolving legal frameworks in India, but commercial surrogacy remains more legally prevalent. Quick Tip: Commercial surrogacy is regulated by Indian law under specific guidelines, and each practice must adhere to strict legal standards.

GST (Goods and Services Tax) subsumed various indirect taxes such as Service Tax, VAT, and Central Excise Duty. It replaced certain taxes, including wealth tax, which is no longer levied in India. Other taxes like income tax and gift tax are not subsumed under GST. Quick Tip: GST replaced many indirect taxes, and understanding the tax structure post-GST is essential for both business and taxation compliance.

"Audi alteram partem" is a Latin phrase that means "Let the other side be heard." It is a fundamental principle of natural justice, ensuring that no one is condemned unheard. Quick Tip: The principle of "Audi alteram partem" ensures fairness in legal proceedings by guaranteeing both sides an opportunity to present their case.

An "alibi" refers to evidence proving that a person was elsewhere when a crime was committed, thus excluding them from being involved in the crime. Quick Tip: In criminal law, an alibi is a defense strategy where the accused demonstrates they were not present at the crime scene, making it impossible for them to have committed the crime.

Spamming refers to the act of sending unsolicited, often irrelevant or inappropriate, messages over the internet, typically to a large number of users, for the purpose of advertising, phishing, spreading malware, etc. Quick Tip: Be cautious of unsolicited messages on the internet, as they may be attempts to fraudulently gain personal information or spread malware.