The World of Cotton Reading Answers

The World of Cotton Reading Answers is an academic reading answers topic. The World of Cotton Reading Answers has a total of 13 IELTS questions in total such as choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS to fill in the given blanks. And do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? Write true, false, or not given.

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Topic:

THE WORLD OF COTTON

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas. Africa, Egypt, and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico. followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The cotton gin is where cotton fiber is separated from the cotton seed. The first Step in the ginning process is when the Cotton is vacuumed into tubes that carry it to a dryer to reduce moisture and improve the fiber quality. Then it runs through a cleaning equipment to remove leaf trash. sticks and other foreign matter. Ginning is accomplished by one of two

methods. Cotton varieties with shorter staple or fiber length are ginned with saw gins. This process involves the use of circular saws that Vip the fibers and pull them through narrow Slots. The seeds are too large to pass through these openings. resulting in the fibers being pulled away from the seed. Long fiber cottons must be ginned in a roller gin because saw gins can damage their delicate fibers. The roller gin was invented in India centuries ago, and this concept

is still used in modern gins. Long staple cottons, like Pima, separate from the seed more easily than Upland varieties. A roller uses a rough roller to grab the fiber and pull it under a rotating bar with gaps too small for the seed to pass through.

The raw fiber, now called lint, makes its way through another series of pipes to a press where it is compressed into bales (lint packaged for market), banded with eight steel straps, and sampled for classing. wrapped for protection, then loaded onto trucks for shipment to storage yards. textile mills and foreign countries. The cotton industry has adopted a standard for a bale of cotton. 55 inches tall. 28 inches wide, and 21 inches thick, weighing approximately 500 pounds. A bale meeting these requirements is called a universal density bale. This is enough cotton to make 325 pairs of denim jeans. Every bale of cotton is classified from a sample taken after its formation. The classing of cotton lint is the process of measuring fiber Characteristics against a set of standards (grades).

Classing is done by experts called classers, who use scientific instruments to judge the samples of lint. All standards are established by the US. Department of Agriculture. Once the quality of the cotton bale is determined. pricing parameters are set, and the lint may be taken to market. Cotton marketing is the selling and buying of cotton lint. Cotton is priced in cents per pound when sold, and the price is negotiated according to the cotton's quality. After baling, the cotton lint is hauled to either Storage yards, textile mills. or shipped to foreign countries. The cotton seed is delivered to a seed Storage area. Where it will remain until it is loaded into trucks and transported to a cottonseed oil mill or directly for livestock feed.

Textile mills purchase cotton and receive the bales from gin yards or cotton warehouses. These mills start with raw bales of cotton and process them in stages until they produce yarn (fibers twisted into threads used in weaving or knitting) or cloth (fabric or material constructed from weaving or knitting). The first stage is in the opening room. Here. bales are opened and laid in a line on the floor. side by side. near a cotton opening machine. This machine travels along

the line of opened bales, pulling fibers to be sent to a mixing machine and then on to the carding system. Carding is the process of pulling the fibers into parallel alignment to form a thin web. High-speed electronic equipment with wire-toothed rollers performs this task. The web of fibers is eventually condensed into a continuous, untwisted. rope-like strand called a sliver, (pronounced slyver). These slivers then continue to a combing machine. Here, the fibers shorter than half-inch and impurities are removed from the cotton. This process makes the sliver smoother, so more uniform yarns can be produced. The drawing or pulling off this sliver is next.

The sliver is drawn out to a thinner strand and given a slight twist to improve strength, then wound on bobbins (spools wound with the thread-like product for storage). Having completed this process, it is now called roving. The roving bobbins are now ready for the spinning process. Spinning is the last process in yarn manufacturing. Today's mills draw and twist the roving into yarn and place it on bobbins. They do this quite efficiently. A large, modern mill can produce enough yarn or thread in 30 days to wrap around the earth 2300 times or go to and return from the moon 235 times. With the use of automatic winding, the yam bobbins are transferred to larger bobbins called cheese cones. These cheese cones can be stored until they are needed in the weaving process.

Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth for highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans: cambric, popularly used in the manufacture of blue work Shirts (from which we get the term “blue-collar”) and corduroy. seersucker. and cotton twill. In addition to the textile industry. Cotton is used in fishing nets, coffee filters, tents, explosives manufacture (see nitrocellulose), cotton paper, and in bookbinding. The cottonseed, which remains after the cotton is ginned, is used to produce cottonseed oil, which, after refining, can be consumed by humans like any other vegetable oil. The cottonseed meal that is left generally is fed to ruminant livestock; the gossypol remaining in the meal is toxic to monogastric animals. Cottonseed hulls can be added to dairy cattle rations for roughage. Cotton linters are fine, silky fibers which adhere to the seeds of the cotton plant after ginning. These curly fibers typically are less than 108 inch (3.2 mm) long. The term also may apply to the longer textile fiber staple lint as well as the shorter fuzzy fibers from some upland species Linters are traditionally used in the manufacture of paper and as a raw material in the manufacture of cellulose. Cotton has revolutionized our sense of wearing, and I dare to say, you are wearing one item of cotton now

Questions 27-35

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

- Vacuum curbs 27 ............... and improves resilience of the fibers.

- Cleaning removes other material.

Answer: MOISTURE

Supporting statement: The first Step in the ginning process is when the Cotton is vacuumed into tubes that carry it to a dryer to reduce moisture and improve the fiber quality.

Keywords: vacuumed, dryer, reduce moisture

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The text states that cotton is vacuumed into tubes and carried to a dryer to reduce moisture and improve the fiber quality. Improving the fiber quality is equivalent to improving the resilience of the fibers in this context.

- 28…………….short fibers through slots in shorter lengths.

Answer: SAW

Supporting statement: Cotton varieties with shorter staple or fiber length are ginned with saw gins. This process involves the use of circular saws that Vip the fibers and pull them through narrow Slots.

Keywords: shorter staple, saw gins, circular saws

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The passage mentions that saw gins are used for shorter fiber lengths. The question asks what acts on 'short fibers through slots'. The process described for saw gins is that circular saws Vip the fibers and pull them through narrow Slots because the seeds are too large, separating the fibers.

-29…………fibers can be obtained from a roller

Answer: LONG

Supporting statement: Long fiber cottons must be ginned in a roller gin because saw gins can damage their delicate fibers.

Keywords: Long fiber cottons, roller gin

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The passage explicitly states that 'Long fiber cottons must be ginned in a roller gin', indicating that roller gins are used for processing long fibers.

-30………….are shipped.

Answer: BALES

Supporting statement: The raw fiber. now called lint, makes its way through another series of pipes to a press where it is compressed into bales (lint packaged for market)

Keywords: compressed into bales

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The text states that lint is compressed into bales and is subsequently loaded onto trucks for shipment to storage yards. textile mills and foreign countries. 'Bales' are the packaged form of the cotton lint that is shipped.

- Cotton is 31…………on the basis of quality

Answer: CLASSED

Supporting statement: Once the quality of the cotton bale is determined. pricing parameters are set, and the lint may be taken to market.

Keywords: quality, cotton bale, lint

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: According to the text, cotton is classified based on its quality to determine price.

- 32…………is stored for Oil Mills.

Answer: COTTON SEED

Supporting statement: The cotton seed is delivered to a seed Storage area. Where it will remain until it is loaded into trucks and transported to a cottonseed oil mill or directly for livestock feed.

Keywords: cotton seed, Storage area, cottonseed oil mill

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The text says the cottonseed is stored and transported to a cottonseed oil mill

- Carding systems start the first Step to process the Cotton to 33..................

Answer: YARN

Supporting statement: These mills start with raw bales of cotton and process them in stages until they produce yarn (fibers twisted into threads used in weaving or knitting) or cloth (fabric or material constructed from weaving or knitting).

Keywords: produce yarn, weaving or knitting

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The passage states that mills process cotton to produce yarn or cloth. The processing starts in the opening room, followed by the mixing machine, and then the carding system. Carding is one of the initial steps in the process leading to the final product, which is yarn

- The rope of fibers in this process is called 34……………

Answer: SLIVER

Supporting statement: The web of fibers is eventually condensed into a continuous, untwisted. rope-like strand called a sliver, (pronounced slyver).

Keywords: web of fibers, rope-like strand, sliver

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The passage defines the 'rope-like strand' of condensed fibers as a 'sliver

- They are then spooled through 35………..

Answer: BOBBINS

Supporting statement: The sliver is drawn out to a thinner strand and given a slight twist to improve strength, then wound on bobbins (spools wound with the thread-like product for storage).

Keywords: wound on bobbins, spools.

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The text states that the thinner strand (after being drawn out) is wound on bobbins. The bobbins are spools wound with the thread-like product for storage

Questions 36-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? In the boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

36. Cotton is an absolute cellulose product.

Answer: FALSE

Supporting statement: The fiber is almost pure cellulose.

Keywords: almost pure cellulose

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The text states the fiber is almost pure cellulose, which contradicts the claim that it is an absolute (entirely) cellulose product.

37. Seeds are thrown away after processing.

Answer: FALSE

Supporting statement: The cottonseed, which remains after the cotton is ginned, is used to produce cottonseed oil... The cottonseed meal that is left generally is fed to ruminant livestock;... Cottonseed hulls can be added to dairy cattle rations for roughage.

Keywords: cottonseed oil, fed to ruminant livestock, cottonseed hulls

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The text outlines several uses for the cottonseed and its byproducts (oil, meal, hulls), indicating that they are utilized, not thrown away.

38. Bales are not directly sold after making.

Answer: TRUE

Supporting statement: The raw fiber... is compressed into bales... banded with eight steel straps, and sampled for classing. wrapped for protection, then loaded onto trucks for shipment... Every bale of cotton is classified from a sample taken after its formation

Keywords: sampled for classing, bale of cotton is classified

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: The bales must first be sampled for classing to determine their quality and set the price before the lint may be taken to market. This classification process means they are not sold directly upon baling.

39. Cotton is also combustible in nature.

Answer: TRUE

Supporting statement: Cotton is used in fishing nets, coffee filters, tents, explosives manufacture (see nitrocellulose), cotton paper, and in bookbinding.

Keywords: explosives manufacture, nitrocellulose

Keyword Location: Para , Line

Explanation: Nitrocellulose (made from cotton) is an explosive substance, meaning it is highly combustible. This use strongly implies that cotton's chemical structure allows it to be processed into a combustible material.

40. Linters are being replaced in the modern period.

Answer: NOT GIVEN

Explanation: The text only describes the traditional uses of linters; it offers no information regarding whether they are currently being replaced or are falling out of use in the modern period.