The Truth About the Environment Reading Answers

Jan 9, 2023

The Truth About the Environment Reading Answers contains sample answers about environmental problems and views of environmentalists.The Truth About the Environment Reading Answers has 14 different questions. IELTS The Truth About the Environment Reading Answers contains three types of questions: write yes/not/not given, choose the correct option and complete the summary. Candidates are required to read the IELTS Reading passage to answer whether the stated information agrees with the views of the author or not, write not given if it is not stated. Candidates need to thoroughly go through each paragraph to answer the question by choosing the right option. Candidates are supposed to complete the summary by choosing the correct answer from the given list of option. Candidates gain proficiency on diverse topics by undertaking IELTS Reading practice papers.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

The Truth About the Environment Reading Answers

For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.

But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book 'The Limits to Growth' was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world's population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient - associated with the early phases of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution - the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.

Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.

One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.

Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: 'Two thirds of the world's forests lost forever'. The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.

Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of other lobby groups. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups In other fields. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.

A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America's encounter with El Nino in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused of wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US$19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures (which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters).

The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America's trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12.000th of the area of the entire United States.

So what of global warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3°C in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.

Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures. A model by one of the main authors of the United Nations Climate Change Panel shows how an expected temperature increase of 2.1 degrees in 2100 would only be diminished to an increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100.

So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the world's single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, and prevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill.

It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic - but more costly still to be too pessimistic.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the writer's claims
NO if the statement contradicts the writer's claims
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons.

Answer: Yes
Supporting Sentence: But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture.
Keyword : different picture, facts, quick look
Keyword Location: paragraph 2, line 1
Explanation: A glance at the facts, according to paragraph 2, paints a different image. It suggested that there had been a lot of progress. The sentence enumerates several developments that are for the better. Only around 0.7% of them are anticipated to vanish in the next 50 years. It also emphasises how energy and other natural resources have become more plentiful.

Data on the Earth’s natural resources has only been collected since 1972.

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: The passage doesn’t provide relevant information regarding the statement.

The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.

Answer: No
Supporting Sentence: more food is now produced per head of the world's population than at any time in history
Keyword : more food, head, world population
Keyword Location: paragraph 2, line 2-3
Explanation: According to paragraph 2, there have been many good developments. The passage enumerates certain developments that are for the better. There is a mention of the fact that more food is produced presently per person in the world. As a result, fewer people are starving presently.

Extinct species are being replaced by new species.

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: The passage doesn’t provide relevant information regarding the statement.

Some pollution problems have been correctly linked to industrialization.

Answer: Yes
Supporting Sentence: forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient - associated with the early phases of industrialisation
Keyword : pollution, exaggerated, transient, industrialization, associated
Keyword Location: paragraph 2, line 7-8
Explanation: According to paragraph 2, the majority of environmental pollution is either temporary or seems to have been exaggerated. They relate to the beginning stages of industrialization. Therefore, it is best treated by accelerating rather than inhibiting economic growth.

It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.

Answer: No
Supporting Sentence: therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it.
Keyword : cured, restricting, accelerating
Keyword Location: paragraph 2, line 8-9
Explanation: The majority of environmental pollution, according to paragraph 2, is either temporary or seems to have been overblown. They are related to the beginning stages of industrialization. Therefore, the best way to treat it is to speed up rather than slow down economic growth.

Questions 7-11

Choose the correct letter. A, B. C or D.

Write your answers in boxes 7-11 on your answer sheet.

What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?

the need to produce results
the lack of financial support
the selection of areas to research
the desire to solve every research problem

Answer: C
Supporting Sentence: Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems.
Keyword : scientific, funding, problems
Keyword Location: paragraph 4
Explanation: The lopsidedness that is inherent in scientific inquiry, as stated in paragraph 4, is one. Funding for science is primarily allocated to regions with numerous issues. Additionally, it will give the impression that there are many more possible issues than there actually are.

The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate how

influential the mass media can be.
effective environmental groups can be.
the mass media can help groups raise funds.
environmental groups can exaggerate their claims.

Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: 'Two thirds of the world's forests lost forever'. The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.
Keyword : two third, world forest, truth, 20%
Keyword Location: paragraph 5, last line
Explanation: Environmental groups occasionally exaggerate their claims, as seen in paragraph 5. As an example, the World Wide Fund for Nature cited a news release in 1997 with the title: "Two thirds of the world's forests lost forever." Actually, the figure is closer to 20%.

What is the writer’s main point about lobby groups in paragraph 6?

Some are more active than others.
Some are better organised than others.
Some receive more criticism than others.
Some support more important issues than others.

Answer: C
Supporting Sentence: same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups
Keyword : scepticism, environmental lobbying, lobby groups
Keyword Location: paragraph 6, line 3
Explanation: According to paragraph 6, the majority of people who lead environmental organisations are altruistic. Despite this, they have a lot of the same traits as other lobby groups. That wouldn't matter as much if people treated environmental advocacy with the same level of scepticism they do other types of lobbying.

The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended to

educate readers.
meet their readers’ expectations.
encourage feedback from readers.
mislead readers.

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants
Keyword : newspapers, broadcasters, public wants
Keyword Location: paragraph 7, line 2
Explanation: According to paragraph 7, the media's stance is a third cause of uncertainty. Clearly, people are more interested in terrible news than positive news. The purpose of newspapers and broadcasters is to satisfy public demand.

What does the writer say about America’s waste problem?

It will increase in time with population growth.
It is not as important as we have been led to believe.
It has been reduced through public awareness of the issues.
It is only significant in certain areas of the country.

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12.000th of the area of the entire United States
Keyword : rubbish, 21st century, united states
Keyword Location: paragraph 8, last lines
Explanation: According to paragraph 8, even if America's garbage production keeps increasing like it has in the past. Moreover, even if by 2100, America's population doubles. Even after producing all the garbage the country would ever produce in the 21st century, it will still only cover 12.000th of the country's total surface area.

Questions 12-13

Complete the summary with the list of words A-I below.
Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 12-13 on your answer sheet.

unrealistic
agreed
expensive
right
long-term
usual
surprising
personal
urgent

GLOBAL WARMING

The writer admits that global warming is a 12………. challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the 13…….. way.

If we try to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases, he believes that it would only have a minimal impact on rising temperatures. He feels it would be better to spend money on the more 14……. health problems of providing the world’s population with clean drinking water.

Question 12:

Answer: E
Supporting Sentence: global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future
Keyword : global warming, phenomena, extend, future
Keyword Location: paragraph 2, 3rd to last line
Explanation: As per paragraph 2, the emission of greenhouse gases that causes global warming does seem to be an occurrence that will continue for a very long time. However, it's unlikely that the sum of its effects will create a serious issue.

Question 13:

Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: One form of pollution - the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem.
Keyword : release, global warming, devastating
Keyword Location: Paragraph 2, lines 9-12
Explanation: The aboe mentioned supporting sentence justfies the given answer.

Question 13:

Answer: I
Supporting Sentence: most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation.
Keyword : pressing, health problem, universal access
Keyword Location: second last paragraph, line 3
Explanation: The cost of lowering carbon dioxide emissions will be more for the United States alone than it will be to address the global problem. The most important health issue is ensuring that everyone has access to sanitary facilities and clean water to drink. A half a billion people would not get very ill thanks to such efforts, which would also avert 2 million fatalities annually.

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