Stadium Australia Reading Answers
Stadium Australia Reading Answers has 13 questions that need to be answered in 20 minutes. Stadium Australia Reading Answers comprises three types of questions, namely- Matching Headings, True/false/not given, and Diagram Completion. For Matching Headings, candidates must read the passage and understand the statement provided. For True/false/not given, candidates must read the passage and understand the statement provided and answer whether the statement is true, false, or not given. For Diagram Completion, candidates need to read the IELTS passage efficiently, skim through the passage for keywords and find the answer.
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Section 1
Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions
Stadium Australia Reading Answers
- You might ask, why be concerned about the architecture of a stadium? Surely, as Long as die action is entertaining and the building is safe and reasonably comfortable, why should the aesthetics matter’ This one question has dominated my professional life, and its answer is one 1 find myself continually rehearsing. If one accepts that sporting endeavour is as important an outlet for human expression as, say, the theatre or cinema, fine art or music, why shouldn’t the buildings in which we celebrate this outlet he as grand and as inspirational as those we would expect, and demand, in those other areas of cultural life? Indeed, one could argue that because stadiums are, in many instances, far more popular than theatres or art galleries, we should actually devote more, and nor less, attention to their form. Stadiums have frequently been referred to as ‘cathedrals’. Football has often been dubbed ‘the opera of the people’. What better way, therefore, to raise the general public’s awareness and appreciation of quality design than to offer them the very’ best buildings in the one area of life that seems to touch the most? Could it even be drat better stadiums might just make tor better citizens?
- But then maybe, as my detractors have labelled me in the past, 1 am a snob. Maybe I should just accept that sport, and its associated accoutrements and products, is an essentially tacky and ephemeral business, while stadium design is all too often driven by pragmatists and penny-pinchers. Certainly, when 1 first started writing about stadium architecture, one of the first and most uncomfortable truths 1 had to confront was that some of the most popular stadiums in the world were also amongst the least attractive or innovative in architectural terms. ‘Worthy and predictable’ has usually won more votes than ’daring and different’. Old Trafford football ground in Manchester, the Yankee Stadium in New York, Ellis Park in Johannesburg. The list is long and is not intended to suggest that these are necessarily poor buildings. Rather, that each has derived its reputation more from the events that it has staged, from its associations, than from the actual form it takes. Equally, those stadiums whose forms have been revered – such as the Maracana in Rio, oi the San Siro in Milan – have turned out to be rather poorly designed in several respects, once one analysis them not as icons but as functioning ‘public assembly facilities’ (to use the current jargon). Finding the balance between beauty and practicality has never been easy.
- Homebush Bay was the site of the main Olympic Games complex for the Sydney Olympics of 2000. To put it politely, I am no great admirer of the Olympics as an event, or, rather, of the insane pressures its past bidding procedures have placed upon candidate cities. Nor, as a spectator, do I much enjoy the bloated Games programme and the consequent demands this places upon the designers of stadiums. Yet in my calmer moments, it would be churlish to deny that, if approached sensibly and imaginatively, the opportunity to stage the Games can yield enormous benefits in the long term (as well they should, considering the expenditure involved), if not (or sport then at least for the cause of urban regeneration. Following in Barcelona’s footsteps, Sydney undoubtedly set about its urban regeneration in a wholly impressive way. To an outsider, the 760-hectare sire at Homebush Bay, once the home of an abattoir, a racecourse, a brickworks and light industrial units, seemed miles from anywhere – it was actually fifteen kilometres from the centre of Sydney and pretty much in the heart of the city’s extensive conurbation. Some £1.3 billion worth of construction and reclamation was commissioned, all of it, crucially, with an eye to post- Olympic usage- Strict guidelines, studiously monitored by Greenpeace, ensured that the 2000 games would be the most environmentally friendly ever. What’s more, much of the work was good-looking, distinctive and lively. ‘That’s a reflection of the Australian spirit,’ I was told.
- At the centre of Homebush lay the main venue for the Olympics, Stadium Australia. It was funded by means of a BOOT (Budd, Own, Operate and Transfer) contract, which meant that the Stadium Australia consortium, led by the contractors Multiplex and the financiers Hambros, bore the bulk of the construction costs, in return for which it was allowed to operate the facility for thirty years, and thus, it hopes, recoups its outlay, before handing the whole building over to the New South Wales government in the year 2030.
- Stadium Australia was the most environmentally friendly Olympic stadium ever built. Every single product and material used had to meet strict guidelines, even if it turned out to the more expensive. All the timber was either recycled or derived from renewable sources. In order to reduce energy’ costs, the design allowed for natural lighting in as many public areas as possible, supplemented by solar-powered units. Rainwater collected from the roof ran off into storage- ranks, where it could be tapped for pitch irrigation. The stormwater run-off was collected for toilet flushing. Wherever possible, passive ventilation was used instead of mechanical air- conditioning. Even the steel and concrete from the two end stands due to be demolished at the end of the Olympics was to be recycled. Furthermore, no private cars were allowed on the Homebush site. Instead, every spectator was to arrive by public transport, and quite right too. If ever there was a stadium to persuade a sceptic like me that the Olympic Games do, after all, have a useful function in at least setting design and planning trends, this was the one. I was, and still am, I freely confess, quite knocked out by Stadium Australia.
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Section 2
Solution and Explanation
Questions 1-5:
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number I—x in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
- A strange combination
- An overall requirement
- A controversial decision
- A strong contrast
- A special set-up
- A promising beginning
- A shift in attitudes
- A strongly held belief
- A change of plan
- A simple choice
(Guide: Candidates need to select a heading and match it with the paragraphs from A to E)
Question 1: Paragraph A
Answer: viii
Supporting Sentence: If one accepts that sporting Endeavour is as important an outlet for human expression as, say, the theatre or cinema, one art or music, why shouldn’t the buildings in which we celebrate this outlet he as grand and as inspirational as those we would expect, and demand, in those other areas of cultural life?
Keyword: Strongly, Belief
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, Lines 4-6
Explanation: In paragraph A, lines 4-6 says, If one accepts that sporting Endeavour is as important an outlet for human expression as, say, the theatre or cinema, one art or music ….. According to these lines, People have Strong Belief that theatre or Cinema, Art or Music and Sporting Endeavour are important outlets for Human expression. So, the Correct Answer is Viii.
Question 2: Paragraph B
Answer: iv
Supporting Sentence: But then maybe, as my detractors have labelled me in the past, 1 am a snob. Maybe I should just accept that sport, and its associated accoutrements and products, is an essentially tacky and ephemeral business, while stadium design is all too often driven by pragmatists and penny-pinchers.
Keyword: Strong, Contrast
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, Lines 1-3
Explanation: In paragraph B, lines 1-3 states the strong Contrast between Sport Associated Accoutrements and products to the Stadium Design. So, the Correct Answer is iv.
Question 3: Paragraph C
Answer: vi
Supporting Sentence: Some £1.3 billion worth of construction and reclamation was commissioned, all of it, crucially, with an eye to post- Olympic usage- Strict guidelines, studiously monitored by Greenpeace, ensured that the 2000 Games would be the most environmentally friendly ever. What’s more, much of the work was good-looking, distinctive and lively. ‘That’s a reflection of the Australian spirit,’ I was told.
Keyword: Promising, Beginning
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, Lines 13-17
Explanation: In paragraph C, lines 13-17 states that £1.3 billion was spent on Construction of Stadium and reclamation. Sydney Olympic 2000 was conducted in Friendly way at this Stadium and it was just the beginning.
According to these lines, Olympic 2000 was the Promising beginning and the stadium was the reflection of the Australian Spirit.
Question 4: Paragraph D
Answer: v
Supporting Sentence: At the Centre of Homebush lay the main venue for the Olympics, Stadium Australia.
Keyword: Special, Set-up
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, Line 1
Explanation: In paragraph D, line 1 states that the Main venue of Olympic Stadium Australia is set up at the Centre of homebush. According to these lines we clearly get the idea of Special Set-up.
Question 5: Paragraph E
Answer: ii
Supporting Sentence: Every single product and material used had to meet strict guidelines, even if it turned out to be more expensive. All the timber was either recycled or derived from renewable sources. In order to reduce energy’ costs, the design allowed for natural lighting in as many public areas as possible, supplemented by solar-powered units….
Keyword: Overall, Requirement
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Line 1-2
Explanation: In paragraph E, lines 1-5 states that Every requirement to build the best stadium was Completed, no matter how much it cost. According to these lines, the best title we can assign to the paragraph is – “An overall requirement”
Questions 6-9:
In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet unite
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
Question 6: ..................... The public have been demanding a better quality of stadium design.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Explanation: There is no mention of the fact of whether the public had been demanding an enhanced quality of stadium design. Therefore, the selected answer is ‘Not Given’.
Question 7: It is possible that stadium design has an effect on people’s behaviour in life in general.
Answer: TRUE
Supporting Sentence: Maybe I should just accept that sport, and its associated accoutrements and products, is an essentially tacky and ephemeral business, while stadium design is all too often driven by pragmatists and penny-pinchers.
Keyword: Stadium, design, People, behavior, life
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, Lines 1-4
Explanation: In paragraph B, line 3 states that ‘Stadium design is all too often Driven by Pragmatists and Penny-Pinchers.” This sentence means that the persons who is usually stingy with money and those who are having a Pragmatism nature drive the stadium design. According to these lines, it is possible that stadium design has an effect on people’s behavior.
Question 8: Some stadiums have come in for a lot more criticism than others.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Explanation: There is no mention of a few of the stadiums that have been criticized more than the other ones. Therefore the selected answer is ‘Not Given’.
Question 9: Designers of previous Olympic stadiums could easily have produced far better designs.
Answer: FALSE
Supporting Sentence: If ever there was a stadium to persuade a sceptic like myself that the Olympic Games do, after all, have a useful function in at least setting design and planning trends, this was the one. I was, and still am, I freely confess, quite knocked out by Stadium Australia.
Keyword: Designers, Previous, Olympic, Stadium, Better, Designs
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Lines 10-13
Explanation: In paragraph E lines 10-13 states that Designers could not build better stadium than this in terms of design and planning. Stadium Australia is environment friendly and well planned and designed with many useful functions. According to these lines, Designers of previous Olympic stadiums could not easily have produced far better designs.
Question 10-13:
Label the diagram below (Where 23=10, 24=11, 25=12 and 26=13)
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
(Guide: Candidates need to study the passage, and fill the blanks by completing the diagram)
Question 10:
Answer: Natural lighting
Supporting Sentence: In order to reduce energy’ costs, the design allowed for natural lighting in as many public areas as possible, supplemented by solar-powered units.
Keyword: Maximum, Public, Areas
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Lines 3-5
Explanation: In paragraph E, lines 3-5 says, “In order to reduce energy’ costs, the design allowed for natural lighting in as many public areas as possible, supplemented by solar-powered units.” According to these lines, Maximum Possible Amount of Natural Lighting was allowed in Public Areas.
Question 11:
Answer: Mechanical air conditioning
Supporting Sentence: Wherever possible, passive ventilation was used instead of mechanical air- conditioning.
Keyword: Passive, Ventilation
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Lines 7-8
Explanation: In paragraph E lines 7-8 says, “Wherever possible, passive ventilation was used instead of mechanical air- conditioning. According to these lines, we get that Passive Ventilation was used not Mechanical Air Conditioning.
Question 12:
Answer: Storm water
Supporting Sentence: Rainwater collected from the roof ran off into storage- tanks, where it could be tapped for pitch irrigation. Storm water run-off was collected for toilet flushing.
Keyword: Storage, Tank, Toilet, Flushing
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Lines 5-6
Explanation: In paragraph E lines 5-6 says that Rainwater collected from the roof went to the storage- tanks, where it was used for pitch irrigation. Storm water run-off was collected for toilet flushing.”
According to the last Sentence, the Storm water run-off was used for Toilet Flushing. So, the Correct Answer is “Storm Water'' which was collected in a Storage tank and then used for Flushing Toilets.
Question 13:
Answer: Pitch irrigation
Supporting Sentence: Rainwater collected from the roof ran off into storage- tanks, where it could be tapped for pitch irrigation. Storm water run-off was collected for toilet flushing.
Keyword: Storage Tank, rainwater
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Lines 5-6
Explanation: In paragraph E lines 5-6 says that Rainwater collected from the roof went to the storage- tanks, where it was used for pitch irrigation. According to this Sentence, the Rainwater from the roof was stored in a tank which would later be used for Pitch Irrigation. So, the Correct Answer is ‘Pitch Irrigation’.
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