Sir Francis Ronalds And Telegraph Reading Answers

Jan 17, 2023

Sir Francis Ronalds And Telegraph Reading Answers contains a write up about the inventions of telegraph. Sir Francis Ronalds And Telegraph Reading Answers contains a total of 9 paragraphs. Related to the paragraphs are 14 questions. Candidates in this IELTS Section will be shown various question types with clear instructions. The paragraph contains information about the development of telegraphs. Also, its uses and effectiveness has been mentioned.

Sir Francis Ronalds And Telegraph Reading Answers is an IELTS Reading passage which comprises three types of questions: Answer the questions, Choose the correct option and associate statement with paragraph. Each paragraph must be carefully and attentively read by candidates. No more than two words may be used in the response. To associate paragraphs each paragraph must be interpreted and then answered. The answers must not exceed more than two words. To choose the correct option, understanding of the paragraphs and dates must be remembered. Answers must be drawn from the paragraph and be based on the statements in the questions. To gain proficiency, candidates can practice from IELTS reading practice test.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Sir Francis Ronalds And Telegraph Reading Answers

RONALDS, Sir FRANCIS (1788-1873), inventor of the electric telegraph and meteorologist, son of Francis Ronalds, a London merchant, and of his wife, Jane, daughter of William Field, was born in London on 21 Feb. 1788. Ronalds was educated at a private school at Cheshunt by the Rev. E. Cogan. At an early age he displayed a taste for experiment, and he acquired great skill later in practical mechanics and draftsmanship. Under the influence of Jean Andre de Luc (1727- 1817), whose acquaintance he made in 1814, he began to devote himself to practical electricity. In 1814 and 1815 he published several papers on electricity in Tilloch’s 'Philosophical Magazine,' one of which records an ingenious use of De Luc's 'electric column' as a motive power for a clock.
Ronalds's name is chiefly remembered as the inventor of an electric telegraph. Since 1753, when the first proposal for an electric telegraph worked by statical electricity was made by a writer signing 'C. ' (said to be Charles Morrison) in the 'Scots Magazine', successive advances had been made abroad by Volta, Le Sage, Lomond, Cavallo, Salva, and others; but much was needed to perfect the invention.
In 1816 Francis Ronalds, then living at Upper Mall, Hammersmith, built in his back garden two frames to accommodate eight miles of wire for his new invention of an electrostatic telegraph. It used clockwork-driven rotating dials, engraved with letters of the alphabet and numbers, synchronized with each other, at both ends of the circuit. For the past three or four years, encouraged by the octogenarian Swiss meteorologist, Jean Andre De Luc, Ronalds had been enthusiastically experimenting with electrostatic clockwork devices. When someone desired to send a message he earthed the wire at his end at the moment when the dial indicated the desired letter. At the receiving end the pitch balls would fall together when earthed and the recipient noted the letter showing on his dial at that moment. The system was slow and depended on the two dials staying in step, but Ronalds successfully transmitted and received letters over 150 meters of wire ; later he succeeded in sending messages through eight miles of iron wire suspended above his garden in London.
After sending messages along his wires on the frame, he developed another version in which the wires were enclosed in glass tubes buried in the ground. At each end of the line a clockwork mechanism turned synchronously revolving discs with letters on them. A frictional-electricity machine kept the wire continuously charged, while at each end two pitch balls hung from the wire on silk threads, and since they were similarly charged from the wire they stayed apart. Ronalds 'S instrument was of real practical use, and the brilliant idea of using synchronously rotating discs, now employed in the Hughes printing apparatus, was entirely his own. The only defect in his invention was the comparative slowness with which a succession of symbols could be transmitted.
With communications between London and Portsmouth in mind, he believed his telegraph would work over distances of 800km. In the same year, Ronalds wrote to offer his invention to the Admiralty. In fact, in 1806, Ralph Wedgwood submitted a telegraph based on frictional electricity to the Admiralty, but was told that the semaphore was sufficient for the country. In a pamphlet he suggested the establishment of a telegraph system with public offices in different centers. Francis Ronalds, in 1816, brought a similar telegraph of his invention to the notice of the Admiralty, and was politely informed that 'telegraphs of any kind are now wholly unnecessary.' John Barrow, Secretary to the Admiralty, replied that "Telegraphs of any kind are now wholly unnecessary; and no other than the one now in use will be adopted." (The one in use was a semaphore system. Only a year after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Admiralty saw no need for improved communications, even though the semaphore was usable only in daylight and good weather.
After this disappointment, Ronalds set off for the continent. He traveled throughout Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean, taking notes, sketching and collecting scientific books between 1816 and 1823. He had begun collecting his large library of works on electricity and kindred subjects. The last activity formed the beginnings of the Ronalds Library, left in trust to the IEE (now the IET) after his death. In a small pamphlet published in 1823, Ronalds described his invention and listed some of its possible uses, "Why should not the government govern at Portsmouth almost as promptly as in Downing Street? Why should our defaulters escape by default in our foggy climate? Let the US have Electrical Conversazione offices communicating with each other all over the kingdom if we can." In 1825 he invented and patented a perspective tracing instrument, intended to facilitate drawing from nature, which he improved about 1828, and described in a work called 'Mechanical Perspective.' These instruments seem to be the only ones for which he took out patents.
However, Ronalds never patented his invention in electric telegraph. Ronalds seems to have made few or no practical contributions to science. In the meanwhile, one person did benefit from this work-Charles Wheatstone who saw the telegraph as a boy. When Charles Wheatstone was quite a child, his father had seen the Ronalds telegraph at work. Later, the invention of an electric telegraph had been marvelously developed by Wheatstone, who had seen many of the Hammersmith experiments, in conjunction with Mr. William Fothergill Cooke, and these two men together devised and patented in 1837 the first electric telegraph used publicly and commercially in England. When, in 1855, a controversy arose between Wheatstone and Cooke with regard to their respective shares in the invention, Wheatstone at once acknowledged his direct debt to Ronalds, and Cooke, though less fully, acknowledged the priority of Ronalds's work; Until 1855 Ronalds's share in the invention had been forgotten by the public.
Early in 1843 Ronalds was made honorary director and superintendent of the Meteorological Observatory, which was then established at Kew by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He began work on a system for registering meteorological data using photography and this time was awarded a grant to continue his work. A similar system was developed independently by Charles Brooke, aided like Ronalds by grants from the Royal Society, had been invented independently about this time. But the British Association confirmed Ronalds's priority. This was the beginning of automatic, accurate recording of meteorological data and remained in use for some years after Ronalds's death.
Ronalds lived long enough to see his prophecies come to fruition and to receive belated official recognition: in 1870, three years before he died, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I, for his "early and remarkable labors in telegraphic investigations."

Section 2

Solution and Explanation

Question 1-5

Matching the each correct year to the historical event in the passage,

and write the correct answer into box of 1-5 in the answer sheet

A 1753	B 1806	C 1816	D 1823
E 1825	F 1837	G 1843

When did Francis Ronalds achieve a satisfactory result in the electricity experiment conducted for the first time?

Answer: C
Supporting Statement: In 1816 Francis Ronalds, then living at Upper Mall, Hammersmith, built in his back garden two frames to accommodate eight miles of wire for his new invention of an electrostatic telegraph. It used clockwork-driven rotating dials, engraved with letters of the alphabet and numbers, synchronized with each other, at both ends of the circuit. For the past three or four years, encouraged by the octogenarian Swiss meteorologist, Jean Andre De Luc, Ronalds had been enthusiastically experimenting with electrostatic clockwork devices
Keywords: 1816, Electrostatic telegraph.
Keyword Location: Paragraph C
Explanation: As per stated in paragraph C, Francis Ronalds, who was then residing in Upper Mall, Hammersmith, built two frames in his backyard in 1816 to handle eight miles of wire for his brand-new electrostatic telegraph innovation. So, the correct answer is C.

When was the first proposal of an electric telegraph based on static electricity?

Answer: A
Supporting Statement: Ronalds's name is chiefly remembered as the inventor of an electric telegraph. Since 1753, when the first proposal for an electric telegraph worked by statical electricity was made by a writer signing 'C. '
Keywords: Ronalds’s, 1753, electric telegraph
Keyword Location: Paragraph B
Explanation: As per paragraph B, it has been mentioned that Ronalds is primarily recognized for creating the electric telegraph. Since 1753, when a writer writing himself "C" proposed the first idea for an electric telegraph powered by static electricity. So, the correct answer is A.

When did Ronalds get a patent for his invention first?

Answer: E
Supporting Statement: In 1825 he invented and patented a perspective tracing instrument, intended to facilitate drawing from nature, which he improved about 1828, and described in a work called 'Mechanical Perspective.'
Keywords: 1825, Patented
Keyword Location: Paragraph F
Explanation: As per paragraph F, He created and patented a perspective tracing tool in 1825 with the intention of making it easier to draw from nature. He later modified it around 1828 and wrote about it in a piece titled "Mechanical Perspective." Thus, the answer is E.

Ronalds first made it known and revealed the applicable significance of his telegram to the public.

Answer: D
Supporting Statement: In a small pamphlet published in 1823, Ronalds described his invention and listed some of its possible uses,
Keywords: 1823, Pamphlet
Keyword Location: Paragraph F
Explanation: As per paragraph F, Ronalds detailed his invention and provided a list of some potential applications in a brief pamphlet that was published in 1823. Thus, the correct answer is D.

The contribution being done by Ronalds' invention in meteorological data

Answer: G
Supporting Statement: Early in 1843 Ronalds was made honorary director and superintendent of the Meteorological Observatory, which was then established at Kew by the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Keywords: Ronalds, Meteorological observatory
Keyword Location Paragraph H
Explanation: As clearly mentioned in paragraph H, Early in 1843, the British Association for the Advancement of Science founded the Meteorological Observatory at Kew, and Ronalds was appointed honorary director and supervisor of the facility. Thus, the correct answer is G.

Question 6-9

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.

What were carved in the experimental dials when doing Ronalds' experiment in the garden?

Answer: letters and numbers
Supporting Statement: It used clockwork-driven rotating dials, engraved with letters of the alphabet and numbers, synchronized with each other, at both ends of the circuit.
Keywords: Clockwork- driven, alphabets and numbers.
Keyword Location: Paragraph C
Explanation: The correct answer is letters and numbers as mentioned in paragraph C. At both ends of the circuit, it used revolving dials powered by a clockwork and inscribed with alphabetic and numeric symbols that were coordinated with one another.

What were enclosed with the buried telegram wires when Ronalds did the improved experiment?

Answer: Glass tubes
Supporting Statement: After sending messages along his wires on the frame, he developed another version in which the wires were enclosed in glass tubes buried in the ground.
Keywords: Sending messages, glass tubes
Keyword Location Paragraph D
Explanation: As clearly mentioned in paragraph D, He created a second version in which the wires were contained in glass tubes buried in the ground after testing messages along his wires on the frame. So, the correct answer is Glass tubes.

What is the greatest distance Ronalds believed his telegram could send?

Answer: 800 km
Supporting Statement: With communications between London and Portsmouth in mind, he believed his telegraph would work over distances of 800km.
Keywords: Communications, distance
Keyword Location: Paragraph E
Explanation: As per paragraph E, It has been stated that he thought his telegraph would function at lengths of 800 km, considering communications between London and Portsmouth. So, the correct answer is 800 km as per the explanation provided.

What kind of power is supplied to keep the wire charged continuously?

Answer: Frictional electricity machine
Supporting Statement: In fact, in 1806, Ralph Wedgwood submitted a telegraph based on frictional electricity to the Admiralty, but was told that the semaphore was sufficient for the country.
Keywords: Telegraph, frictional electricity
Keyword Location: Paragraph E
Explanation: As per paragraph E, it has been mentioned that In reality, Ralph Wedgwood presented the Admiralty with a frictional electricity-based telegraph in 1806, but was informed that the semaphore was adequate for the nation. So, the correct answer is frictional electricity.

Question 10-14

The passage has paragraphs as A-l; which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the appropriate letter A-l for box 10-14 on your answer sheet.

The fundamental aims of mapmaking remain unchanged.

Answer: G
Supporting Statement: Later, the invention of an electric telegraph had been marvelously developed by Wheatstone, who had seen many of the Hammersmith experiments, in conjunction with Mr. William Fothergill Cooke,
and these two men together devised and patented in 1837 the first electric telegraph used publicly and commercially in England.
Keywords: Electric telegraph
Keyword Location: Paragraph G
Explanation: As per paragraph G,Wheatstone, who had witnessed many of the Hammersmith trials, collaborated with Mr. William Fothergill Cooke to brilliantly improve the electric telegraph innovation. The two men created and patented the first electric telegraph that was utilized publicly and for profit in England in 1837. So, the correct answer is G.

The possibilities of satellite mapping are infinite.

Answer: A
Supporting Statement: Under the influence of Jean Andre de Luc (1727- 1817), whose acquaintance he made in 1814, he began to devote himself to practical electricity. In 1814 and 1815 he published several papers on electricity in Tilloch’s 'Philosophical Magazine,' one of which records an ingenious use of De Luc's 'electric column' as a motive power for a clock.
Keywords: Ingenious use, philosophical magazine
Keyword Location: Paragraph A
Explanation: As per paragraph A, it has been stated that He met Jean Andre de Luc (1727–1817) in 1814, and under his influence, he started to focus on practical electricity. He wrote numerous papers on electricity in Tilloch's "Philosophical Magazine" in 1814 and 1815, one of which describes a clever application of De Luc's "electric column" as a driving force for a clock. So, the correct answer is A.

There is a commercial use of the telegram.

Answer: E
Supporting Statement: . In a pamphlet he suggested the establishment of a telegraph system with public offices in different centers.
Keywords: Pamphlet, public offices.
Keyword Location: Paragraph E
Explanation: So, the correct answer is E. The lines of paragraph E states that . He proposed the creation of a telegraph system with public offices in various centers in a brochure.

There is a contributory influence on Ronalds from a fellow he got to know.

Answer: D
Supporting Statement: Ronalds 'S instrument was of real practical use, and the brilliant idea of using synchronously rotating discs, now employed in the Hughes printing apparatus, was entirely his own. The only defect in his
invention was the comparative slowness with which a succession of symbols could be transmitted.
Keywords: Instrument, Hughes
Keyword Location: Paragraph D
Explanation: As per paragraph D, The original idea of employing synchronously revolving discs, currently used in the Hughes printing apparatus, was solely Ronalds' invention. Ronalds' device was of actual practical use. The relative sluggishness with which a series of symbols might be communicated was his invention's only flaw. Thus, the answer is D.

Ronalds’s proposal was rejected as the preceding reference to another application.

Answer: I
Supporting Statement: Ronalds lived long enough to see his prophecies come to fruition and to receive belated official recognition: in 1870, three years before he died, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I, for his "early
and remarkable labors in telegraphic investigations."
Keywords: Official recognition
Keyword Location: Paragraph I
Explanation: As per paragraph I, In 1870, three years before he passed away, Ronalds was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I in appreciation of his "early and great labors in telegraphic investigations." Ronalds lived long enough to see his forecasts come true and to get belated official acknowledgment. So, the correct answer is I.

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