Psychology and Personality Assessment Reading Answers

Dec 17, 2022

Psychology and Personality Assessment Reading Answers has 13 questions that need to be answered in 20 minutes. Psychology and Personality Assessment Reading Answers is about psychology and personality assessment done by different psychologists. Psychology and Personality Assessment Reading Answers comprises three types of questions- choose the correct heading, choose three correct statements, yes/no/not given. IELTS reading passage has seven paragraphs, candidates are required to choose the heading for each paragraph. Candidates are supposed to pick the three correct statements from the given options about psychologists involved in personality assessment tests. Candidates are required to decide whether the given statements match with the views of the writer or not after reading the IELTS Reading passage. To practise more on different topics candidates can undertake IELTS Reading practice papers.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Psychology and Personality Assessment Reading Answers

Our daily lives are largely made up of contacts with other people, during which we are constantly making judgments of their personalities and accommodating our behaviour to them in accordance with these judgments. A casual meeting of neighbours on the street, an employer giving instructions to an employee, a mother telling her children how to behave, a journey in a train where strangers eye one another without exchanging a word – all these involve mutual interpretations of personal qualities.
Success in many vocations largely depends on skill in sizing up people. It is important not only to such professionals as the clinical psychologist, the psychiatrist or the social worker, but also to the doctor or lawyer in dealing with their clients, the businessman trying to outwit his rivals, the salesman with potential customers, the teacher with his pupils, not to speak of the pupils judging their teacher. Social life, indeed, would be impossible if we did not. to some extent, understand, and react to the motives and qualities of those we meet; and clearly we are sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes, although we also recognize that misinterpretations easily arise – particularly on the pare of others who judge us!
Errors can often be corrected as we go along. But whenever we are pinned down to a definite decision about a person, which cannot easily be revised through his ‘feed-back’, the Inadequacies of our judgments become apparent. The hostess who wrongly thinks that the Smiths and the Joneses will get on well together can do little to retrieve the success of her party. A school or a business may be saddled for years with an undesirable member of staff, because the selection committee which interviewed him for a quarter of an hour misjudged his personality.
Just because the process is so familiar and taken for granted, It has aroused little scientific curiosity until recently. Dramatists, writers and artists throughout the centuries have excelled in the portrayal of character, but have seldom stopped to ask how they, or we, get to know people, or how accurate is our knowledge. However, the popularity of such unscientific systems as Lavater’s physiognomy in the eighteenth century, Gall’s phrenology in the nineteenth, and of handwriting interpretations by graphologists, or palm-readings by Gypsies, show that people are aware of weaknesses in their judgments and desirous of better methods of diagnosis. It is natural that they should turn to psychology for help, in the belief that psychologists are specialists in ‘human nature’.
This belief is hardly justified: for the primary aim of psychology had been to establish the general laws and principles underlying behaviour and thinking, rather than to apply these to concrete problems of the individual person. A great many professional psychologists still regard it as their main function to study the nature of learning, perception and motivation in the abstracted or average human being, or in lower organisms, and consider it premature to put so young a science to practical uses. They would disclaim the possession of any superior skill in judging their fellow-men. Indeed, being more aware of the difficulties than is the non-psychologist, they may be more reluctant to commit themselves to definite predictions or decisions about other people. Nevertheless, to an increasing extent psychologists are moving into educational, occupational, clinical and other applied fields, where they are called upon to use their expertise for such purposes as fitting the education or job to the child or adult,and the person to the job,Thus a considerable proportion of their activities consists of personality assessment.
The success of psychologists in personality assessment has been limited, in comparison with what they have achieved in the fields of abilities and training, with the result that most people continue to rely on unscientific methods of assessment. In recent times there has been a tremendous amount of work on personality tests, and on carefully controlled experimental studies of personality. Investigations of personality by Freudian and other ‘depth’ psychologists have an even longer history. And yet psychology seems to be no nearer to providing society with practicable techniques which are sufficiently reliable and accurate to win general acceptance. The soundness of the methods of psychologists in the field of personality assessment and the value of their work are under constant fire from other psychologists, and it is far from easy to prove their worth.
The growth of psychology has probably helped responsible members of society to become more aware of the difficulties of assessment. But it is not much use telling employers, educationists and judges how inaccurately they diagnose the personalities with which they have to deal unless psychologists are sure that they can provide something better. Even when university psychologists themselves appoint a new member of staff, they almost always resort to the traditional techniques of assessing the candidates through interviews, past records, and testimonials, and probably make at least as many bad appointments as other employers do. However, a large amount of experimental development of better methods has been carried out since 1940 by groups of psychologists in the Armed Services and in the Civil Service, and by such organizations as the (British) National Institute of Industrial Psychology and the American Institute of Research.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation

Questions 1-7

Reading passage has seven paragraphs A-Q.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings i The advantage of an intuitive approach to personality assessment ii Overall theories of personality assessment rather than valuable guidance iii The consequences of poor personality assessment iv Differing views on the importance of personality assessment v Success and failure in establishing an approach to personality assessment vi Everyone makes personality assessments vii Acknowledgement of the need for improvement in personality assessment viii Little progress towards a widely applicable approach to personality assessment ix The need for personality assessments to be well judged x The need for a different kind of research into personality assessment

Question 1: Paragraph A

Answer: vi
Supporting Statements: “Our daily lives are largely made up of contacts with other people, during which we are constantly making judgments of their personalities and accommodating our behavior to them in accordance with these judgments.”
Keywords: Judgements
Keywords Location: Para A, line 2
Explanation: Our daily lives are mostly made up of interactions with other people, as stated in the second sentence of paragraph A. In which we constantly assess their personalities and adjust our actions to fit them in line with these assessments.

Question 2: Paragraph B

Answer: ix
Supporting Statements: “It is important not only to such professionals as the clinical psychologist, the psychiatrist or the social worker but also to the doctor or lawyer in dealing with their clients, the businessman trying to outwit his rivals, the salesman with potential customers, the teacher with his pupils, not to speak of the pupils judging their teacher. Social life, indeed, would be impossible if we did not”
Keywords: ‘Social life, indeed, would be impossible if we did not’
Keywords Location: Para B, line 4
Explanation: It is important to evaluate the personality of the person on the opposite side in every profession, according to the fourth line of paragraph B. No matter who you are—clinical psychologist, psychiatric patient, social worker, professor, doctor, or teacher. If we don't assess the personality of the person on the other side, it will actually be hard to interact effectively.

Question 3: Paragraph C

Answer: iii
Supporting Statements: “Errors can often be corrected as we go along. But whenever we are pinned down to a definite decision about a person, which cannot easily be revised through his 'feedback', the Inadequacies of our judgments become apparent. ”
Keywords: Inadequacies of our judgment
Keywords Location: para C, line 2
Explanation: The second line of paragraph C states that the repercussions of our incorrect personality assessments of other individuals are very serious. This is difficult to change, thus it is clear that we made a mistake.

Question 4: Paragraph D

Answer: vii
Supporting Statements: “Just because the process is so familiar and taken for granted, It has aroused little scientific curiosity until recently.”
Keywords: little Scientific curiosity
Keywords Location: Para D, line 1
Explanation: According to the first sentence of paragraph D, personality assessments are thought to be highly straightforward and are hence assumed to be simple. Up to this point, it did not attract much scientific attention.

Question 5: Paragraph E

Answer: ii
Supporting Statements “This belief is hardly justified: for the primary aim of psychology had been to establish the general laws and principles underlying behaviour and thinking, rather than to apply these to concrete problems of the individual person.”
Keywords: general laws, problems of the individual person
Keywords Location: Para E, line 1
Explanation: As per the first sentence of paragraph E, psychology's goal is to apply universal laws or theories to specific difficulties that pertain to a specific person. But it has now become a means of constructing broader principles, theories, and ways of thinking.

Question 6: Paragraph F

Answer: viii
Supporting Statements: The success of psychologists in personality assessment has been limited, in comparison with what they have achieved in the fields of abilities and training, with the result that most people continue to rely on unscientific methods of assessment
Keywords: limited, rely on unscientific methods of assessment.
Keywords Location: Para F, line 1
Explanation: According to the first sentence of paragraph F, psychologists have made very little advancement in the field of personality assessment. People therefore rely on non-scientific evaluation techniques.

Question 7: Paragraph G

Answer: v
Supporting Statements: The growth of psychology has probably helped responsible members of society to become more aware of the difficulties of assessment
Keywords: difficulties of assessments, growth of psychology
Keywords Location: para G, line 1
Explanation: There have been both successes and failures in the assessment of personality, according to the first sentence of paragraph G. The advancement of psychology has increased public awareness of the challenges in evaluating personalities.

Question 8:

Choose THREE letters A-F.
Write your answers in box 8 on your answer sheet.
Which THREE of the following are stated about psychologists involved in personality assessment?

‘Depth’ psychologists are better at it than some other kinds of psychologist.
Many of them accept that their conclusions are unreliable.
They receive criticism from psychologists not involved in the field.
They have made people realise how hard the subject is.
They have told people what not to do, rather than what they should do.
They keep changing their minds about what the best approaches are.

Answer: C,D,E
Supporting Statements: “A school or a business may be saddled for years with an undesirable member of staff, because the selection committee which interviewed him for a quarter of an hour misjudged his personality.”, “The success of psychologists in personality assessment has been limited, in comparison with what they have achieved in the fields of abilities and training, with the result that most people continue to rely on unscientific methods of assessment. In recent times there has been a tremendous amount of work on personality tests, and on carefully controlled experimental studies of personality”
Keywords: ‘tremendous amount of work on personality tests,’
Keywords Location: Para F, line 4
Explanation: As per the fourth line of paragraph F, psychologists who specialise in personality assessment must deal with criticism. Specifically from their counterparts in other specialties. They furthered the understanding of the subject's degree of difficulty. In addition to this, they advise people on both the right and wrong things to do.

Questions 9-13:

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 21 in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO, if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Question: 9. People often feel that they have been wrongly assessed.

Answer: Yes
Supporting Statements: “A school or a business may be saddled for years with an undesirable member of staff, because the selection committee which interviewed him for a quarter of an hour misjudged his personality.”
Keywords: misjudged
Keywords Location: para C, line 4
Explanation: The fourth line of paragraph C states that a corporation or institution may be forced to keep a bad employee on staff for years. Due to a misinterpretation of his personality by the screening committee that conducted a 30-minute interview with him. Indicating that personality assessments of persons are frequently made in error.

Question: 10. Unscientific systems of personality assessment have been of some use.

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: The passage does not provide any information that is relevant to the question.

Question: 11. People make false assumptions about the expertise of psychologists.

Answer: Yes
Supporting Statements: “This belief is hardly justified: for the primary aim of psychology had been to establish the general laws and principles underlying behaviour and thinking, rather than to apply these to concrete problems of the individual person.”
Keywords: establish the general law and principal underlying behaviour and thinking.
Keywords Location: Para E, line 2
Explanation: As per the second line of paragraph E, the purpose of psychology is to apply broad legislation or theories to specific difficulties. Especially pertaining to a particular person. However, it has evolved towards establishing broader principles, theories, and ways of thinking.

Question: 12. It is likely that some psychologists are no better than anyone else at assessing personality.

Answer: Yes
Supporting Statements: “university psychologists themselves appoint a new member of staff, they almost always resort to the traditional techniques of assessing the candidates through interviews, past records, and testimonials, and probably make at least as many bad appointments as other employers do.”
Keywords: ‘techniques of assessing the candidates through interviews’
Keywords Location: Para F, line 1
Explanation: As per the first line of paragraph F, university psychologists hire new employees by evaluating the personalities of the applicants. They do this through interviews and background checks. So that they make poor hiring decisions like other businesses. Thus, personality evaluation is a skill best suited to psychologists.

Question: 13. Research since 1940 has been based on the acceptance of previous theories.

Answer: No
Supporting Statements: “The soundness of the methods of psychologists in the field of personality assessment and the value of their work is under constant fire from other psychologists, and it is far from easy to prove their worth.”
Keywords: it is far from easy to prove their worth
Keywords Location: Para F, line 7
Explanation: According to the seventh line of paragraph F, psychologists' work in the area of personality tests has not even come close to demonstrating their value. Since 1940, many psychological research teams in the armed forces and the civil service have been conducting this type of experimental psychology. Additionally, by institutions like the American Institute of Research and the National Institute of Industrial Psychology (both in the United Kingdom).

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