Preparing For The Threat Reading Answers
Preparing For The Threat Reading Answers 13 questions that need to be answered in 20 minutes. Preparing For The Threat Reading Answers comprises three types of questions, namely- True/false/not given, choose the correct answer, and matching statements. For choosing the correct answers, candidates must read the passage and understand the statement provided and answer it with the choice of options. For choosing the correct answers in matching headings and information, candidates need to read the IELTS passage efficiently.
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Section 1
Preparing For The Threat Reading Answers
- It is an unfortunate fact that over the past 20 years, around 260 million people a year have been affected by natural disasters around the world. Regrettably, a vast majority of the victims of this staggering number are from developing countries. Whether it be earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, volcanoes or tsunamis, over the past twenty years, natural disasters have been happening more frequently and affecting more people than ever before. It follows that the international community should address the issue of ‘disaster preparedness’ and establish a process by which natural disasters are dealt with.
- On December 26, 2004, a massive earthquake centred off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra caused a series of deadly tsunamis in the Indian Ocean. The damage from this extraordinary disaster was estimated to be in the vicinity of US $ 13 billion – the equivalent to the combined GDP 1 of the world’s developing countries for an entire year. In a matter of seconds, the tsunami waves wiped out the long years of struggle for development, and the world was once again reminded of the fearsome and destructive power of natural disasters.
- Gross Domestic Product is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year. The United Nations designated the 1990s as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction and has been active in promoting and developing international cooperation on disaster preparedness. The UN’s Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World: Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation was adopted in 1994. Among the guidelines, developing countries are encouraged to organize and implement their domestic resources for disaster reduction activities and donor developed countries are encouraged to give greater priority to disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness in their assistance programs and budgets, including through increasing financial contributions.
- In January 2005 the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) met in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture to discuss and debate how the international community should address issues of disaster preparedness and mitigation. The meeting itself attended by over 4,000 delegates representing some 168 countries occurred almost 10 years to the day after the Great Hanshin earthquake in Kobe. The January meeting of the WCDR in Kobe provided experts and scientists from over 150 countries, government officials, Non- Government Organisation (NGOs) and United Nations representatives with an opportunity to review the Yokohama Strategy. It was recorded in the 2005-15 Yokohama Strategy Action Plan that participant countries and agencies should work over the next 10 years to reduce vulnerability to natural disasters. The Action Plan encourages as a first step, the integration of disaster prevention programs in all development and policy-making plaits for all countries. Jim Edgeland, UN representative stated, “Disaster risk reduction is not an additional expense – it is an essential investment in our common future, but the benefits of this investment will be calculated not only in dollars or euros or yen saved, but most importantly, in saved lives in every corner of the globe.”
- Perhaps the most significant work done at the WCDR meetings was the drafting and adoption of the Hyogo Declaration, This document expresses the united determination of the international community to rely not only on advanced technology or facilities for disaster preparedness but on a people-centred early warning system. The people-centred system requires effective communication and education in the building of disaster-resilient countries and communities. As the intergovernmental panels of the WCDR were meeting, the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Forum was also underway. The earthquake measuring a magnitude of 7.3, led to the loss of over 6,400 lives and widespread destruction affecting some 460,000 households. This public forum offered a variety of sessions, during which the lessons learned from the disastrous earthquake were discussed. Earthquake expert Professor Tomohiro Kawata said, “Because this disaster happened over a decade ago, the memory of the devastation can be forgotten.
- Part of our gathering here today is to make sure that we do not forget what happened back in 1995.’’ Also included were some personal stories from the earthquake victims themselves. Earthquake victim Kumiko Nagota told attendees that her house collapsed in the Kobe earthquake and she was trapped under it. She tried to call for help but after a while, she lost her voice and just had to wait there until help came. Attendees were told of the bow the town mobilized to facilitate recovery and reconstruction. An exhibition hall showed pictures of mounds of rubble produced by the earthquake as well as a display of objects donated by earthquake victims including a broken clock and a child’s toy that melted in the fires caused by the earthquake. Said Kawata, “As well as being a memorial, our facility and, indeed this forum, is a place to learn from earthquake experiences and incorporate the things we learned into our preparations for future disasters' '. During the forum, it was agreed that in May 2005, a new hub for the coordination of international disaster recovery support activities would be established in Kobe.
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Section 2
Questions 1 to 4:
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
Fill in the boxes from 1 to 4 in your response sheet, write:
TRUE, if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE, if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN, if there is no related information
- Most people from poorer countries are affected by natural disasters.
- Present-day natural disasters are more dangerous than disasters of the past.
- It will take the countries affected by the tsunami many years to rebuild.
- Being prepared and knowing what to do in a disaster should be a global issue
Question 1
Answers: True
Supporting Sentence: Regrettably, a vast majority of the victims of this staggering number are from developing countries.
Keywords: majority, victims
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, line 2
Explanation: Paragraph A explains that millions of people have died over the last 20 years by getting affected by natural disasters. And the fact that the majority of those people were from developing countries is very unfortunate.
Question 2
Answer: Not Given
Explanation: in the last 20 years, natural disasters have been happening and affecting more people than ever before.
Question 3
Answer: Not Given
Explanation: the passage states that the tsunami waves were able to wipe out the long years of struggle for development. Accordingly, the world once again recognised the power of natural disasters.
Question 4
Answer: True
Supporting Sentence: The text says, ‘It follows that the international community should address the issue of ‘disaster preparedness’ and establish a process by which natural disasters are dealt with.’
Keywords: community, disaster
Keyword Location: In paragraph A, line 6
Explanation: Paragraph A suggests that the international community should address the subject of ‘disaster preparedness,' and build a procedure for dealing with natural disasters.
Questions 5 to 8:
Choose the correct answer, A, B, C, or D.
Write the correct answer in boxes from 5 to 8 on your response sheet.
Question 5. According to the passage, reducing the risk of disasters is important because
- Countries can then focus on growth and development
- Communities will be drawn together in support of each other.
- Help international communities to be more economically stable.
- It will save lives and money
Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: The 4th paragraph states: That the benefits of Disaster risk reduction ‘…will be calculated not only in dollars or euros or yen saved, but most importantly, in saved lives in every corner of the globe,” A & C are not mentioned in the text. B is mentioned in the passage but only in connection with rebuilding Kobe, not in the reduction of disaster risk.
Keywords: benefits, risk
Keyword Location: In paragraph D, last 2 & 4 line
Explanation: The selected answer is correct as justified by the supporting sentence. The advantages of disaster risk reduction will be counted not just in dollars, euros, or yen saved, but most crucially, in lives saved in every corner of the globe, according to the fourth paragraph.
Question 6. According to the writer, the most important outcome of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) was the
- Discussion and debate amongst the international community attendees
- Chance for participants to review the Yokohama strategy
- Writing and acceptance of the Hyogo Declaration
- Acknowledgment that disaster risk reduction is an investment in the future
Answer: C
Supporting Sentence: ‘Perhaps the most significant work done during the WCDR meetings was the preparation and adoption of the Hyogo Declaration,' says the fifth paragraph.
Keywords: meetings, preparation
Keyword Location: In paragraph E, line 2
Explanation: A is incorrect since the persons present are not an outcome in and of themselves. Because the WCDR was an occasion to examine the Yokohama Strategy, B is incorrect. Although D is undoubtedly correct, the chapter does not mention it as a significant effect.
Question 7. The town of Kobe was effectively rebuilt due to
- The support of the United Nations
- The people of Kobe
- The Government of Japan
- The leadership of Professor Kawata
Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: ‘Attendees were told of how the town mobilized to help recovery and restoration,' says the last paragraph.
Keywords: mobilized, restoration
Keyword Location: In paragraph, line 6
Explanation: There is no mention of A or C in the passage. Professor Kawata is an earthquake expert, but nothing in the sentence indicates that his leadership was crucial in the rebuilding of Kobe - D is incorrect.
Question 8. The stated purpose of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Forum was
- To help others Ire better prepared for any future natural disasters
- For people to learn more about natural disasters
- To remember the Kobe earthquake of 1995
- For people to remember and learn from what happened
Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: ‘This public forum offered a variety of sessions, during which the lessons learned from the disastrous earthquake were discussed. ‘ and ‘…part of our gathering here today is to make sure that we do not forget what happened back in 1955’ and ‘As well as being a memorial… this forum is a place to learn from earthquake experiences and incorporate the things we learned into our preparations for future disasters”. This means that the purpose of the forum is to remember what happened and also learn from the experience.
Keywords: disastrous, earthquake
Keyword Location: In paragraph E, last 2 line
Explanation: A is not correct as the focus is on earthquakes specifically and not ‘natural disasters’ generally. U is not correct for the same reasons as A above. Although C is mentioned as being a part of the reason for the forum, it is only part of the reason and therefore not the best answer.
Questions 9 to 13:
Look at the following statements from questions 9 to 13 and the list of disaster control initiatives below.
Match each statement with the correct disaster control initiative, A-D.
Write the correct answer, A-D, in boxes from 9 to 13 on your response sheet.
- People should be the early broadcasters of disaster information
- Led to a new central area for support in disaster information
- A reminder of the impact of disasters
- In times of disaster, developed countries should do more to help less-developed countries
- National development and disaster prevention should be considered at the same time.
Disaster Control Initiatives
- Hyogo Declaration
- Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Forum
- World Conference on Disaster Reduction
- Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World
Question 9
Answer: A
Supporting Sentence: This document (i.e. the Hyogo Declaration)’…expresses the united determination of the international community to rely…on a people-centered early warning system’
Keywords: united, rely
Keyword Location: In paragraph E, line 2 & 3
Explanation: Humans are mentioned in the preceding statement as a contrast to advanced technology, i.e., people will disseminate calamity information (in addition to technology).
Question 10
Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: The forum (i.e. the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Forum) decided that a new hub for international disaster recovery support activities will be built in Kobe in May 2005.
Keywords: hub, recovery
Keyword Location: In paragraph F, Last 2nd line
Explanation: In paragraph F, it is explained that a forum is placed to know about the earthquake activities and incorporate the past experience for future disasters. It is also said that a new hub for international disaster recovery support activities would be established in Kobe.
Question 11
Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: This public forum offered a variety of sessions, during which the lessons learned from the disastrous earthquake were discussed. “Because this disaster happened over a decade ago, the memory of the devastation can be forgotten. Part of our gathering here today is to make sure that we do not forget what happened back in 1995”. An exhibition hall showed pictures of mounds of rubble produced by the earthquake as well as displayed objects donated by earthquake victims… “As well as being a memorial, our facility is a place to learn from earthquake experiences and incorporate the things we learned into our preparations for future disasters”.
Keywords: gathering, devastation
Keyword Location: In paragraph F, line 2 & 4
Explanation: In paragraph F, the lessons acquired from the devastating earthquake were discussed in a variety of sessions at this public forum. The selected answer is correct as justified by the supporting sentence.
Question 12
Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: Among the guidelines (i.e. the Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World), donor developed countries are encouraged to make disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness a higher priority in their aid programs and budgets, especially by boosting financial contributions.
Keywords: strategy, safer
Keyword Location: In paragraph C, line 4
Explanation: Paragraph C talks about the strategy of the UN for a safer world. This strategy successfully came into action after millions of people died because of the natural disaster. Among these guidelines of the Yokohama strategy developing countries are given greater priority.
Question 13
Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: As a first step, the Action Plan (also known as the Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World) advocates the inclusion of catastrophe prevention initiatives in all countries' development and policymaking strategies.
Keywords: policy-making, expense
Keyword Location: In paragraph D, last 4th line
Explanation: Paragraph D explains the importance given to the disaster prevention programs. It was also said that it is not an additional expense, it is a significant investment for the coming future.
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