Poverty and Health Reading Answers

Jan 5, 2023

Poverty and Health Reading Answers comprises a total of 14 questions. This IELTS reading passage has been referenced from the book Cambridge 2, Test 1. The IELTS reading topic; Poverty and Health Reading Answers requires candidates to answer the mentioned number of questions within a time limit of 20 minutes. This IELTS reading topic; Poverty and Health Reading Answers requires candidates to read the passage carefully and understand the scenarios presented. To practice more such reading passage candidates can refer to the IELTS reading practice papers.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Poverty and Health Reading Answers

The idea of health can imply different things to different people and different societies depending on the context. These conceptions of health have also developed considerably over the course of human history. There is no better illustration of this growth than the manner in which ideas regarding health and the promotion of health in contemporary Western society are being broadened and put to the test.
Health has primarily been considered in a physical way throughout recent Western history.To put it another way, traditionally, good health has been linked to the body's efficient mechanical operation, whereas unhealthy states have been linked to flaws in this machine. According to medical definitions, health in this sense is the elimination of disease or illness. In accordance with this viewpoint, promoting people's health entails offering healthcare services to cure or prevent illness and disease. Housing, better sanitation, and access to clean water were emphasized during this time.
This physically and medically focused perspective of health was contested by the World Health Organization in the late 1940s. They argued that "health is not only the absence of sickness; rather, it is a full condition of physical, mental, and social well-being in all aspects of one's life”. Health and the individual were seen from a more holistic perspective, taking into account the mind as well as the body and the spirit.
The 1970s emphasized lifestyle and behavior to avoid sickness and illness. Targeted behaviors include smoking, inactivity, and bad eating. Creating health means providing medical treatment and health promotion programs and policies to promote healthy habits and lifestyles. Humanistic interest in a healthy approach to health works for some, but not for those with poverty, unemployment, joblessness, or little command over their daily lives. Both the health promotion and medical approaches to health overlooked social and environmental factors impacting people's health.
There has been a significant shift apart from seeing lifestyle hazards as the main contributor to ill health during the 1980s and 1990s. Health is now seen in terms of the social, economic, and environmental settings in which individuals live, even though lifestyle elements are still crucial. The social-economic view of health refers to this comprehensive approach to health. During the first International Conference of Public Health, which took place in Ottawa, Canada, in 1986, participants from 38 different nations agreed and declared that the basic prerequisites and resources for health are social justice, equity, housing, schooling, nourishment, a viable income, a stable ecosystem, and sustainable resources. A strong base on these fundamental needs is necessary for health improvement.
This statement demonstrates that encouraging healthy behaviors and lifestyles and providing medical care is insufficient to bring about health. To promote health, issues including poverty, pollution, urbanization, resource depletion, social alienation, and poor working conditions must be addressed. Health is a result of social, economic, and environmental factors working together. Conditions that promote health are determined by their intricate interrelationships. A socio-ecological theory of health emphasizes that social, economic, and environmental factors must all be taken into account while promoting health.
At the 1986 Ottawa Conference, a charter identified new pathways for health promotion based on a socio-ecological understanding of health. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion still guides health activities today. Good health is a vital resource for social, economic, and personal growth and an important aspect of quality of life, according to the scope of health promotion. Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioral, and biological variables all affect health. The Ottawa Charter makes health promotion actionable. It presents health in all ways and approaches. The underlying principle of health promotion is 'allowing individuals to increase control over and enhance their health.'

Section 2

Solution and Explanation
Questions 1 - 5:
Following are a few statements given from the passage above. You have to check the answers from the passage and write them correctly.

In the __________, emphasis was placed on healthy lifestyle choices as a means of disease and sickness prevention.

Answer: 1970s
Supporting Sentence: The 1970s emphasized lifestyle and behavior to avoid sickness and illness.
Keywords: 1970s, lifestyle, behavior
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, line 1
Explanation: The 1970s placed a strong emphasis on adopting healthy habits and behaviours to stay healthy.

They said that comprehensive health encompasses one's __________, psychological, and interpersonal well-being.

Answer: Physical
Supporting Sentence: They argued that "health is not only the absence of sickness; rather, it is a full condition of physical, mental, and social well-being in all aspects of one's life”.
Keywords: health, sickness, physical, mental,
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, Line 2
Explanation: A comprehensive state of physical, mental, and social well-being in all spheres of one's life is what is meant by the term "health," which is not only the absence of disease.

A key component of quality of life and a crucial resource for social, economic, and personal growth is __________.

Answer: Good health
Supporting Sentence: To promote health, issues including poverty, pollution, urbanization, resource depletion, social alienation, and poor working conditions must be addressed.
Keywords: promote health, issues, pollution, urbanization, resource depletion, social alienation,
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, Line 3
Explanation: A key component of quality of life and a necessary resource for social, economic, and personal development is good health.

The body's efficient __________ has been linked to good health.

Answer: Mechanical operation
Supporting Sentence: To put it another way, traditionally, good health has been linked to the body's efficient mechanical operation, whereas unhealthy states have been linked to flaws in this machine.
Keywords: traditionally, good health, mechanical operation,
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, Line 2
Explanation: It has long been believed that a healthy body functions mechanically well.

A solid foundation in the fundamental criteria is necessary for better __________.

Answer: Health
Supporting Sentence: A strong base on these fundamental needs is necessary for health improvement.
Keywords: fundamental, health improvement
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, last line
Explanation: To promote health, a solid foundation based on these essential demands is required.

Questions 6 - 10:
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

This broad concept of health promotion is given concrete meaning and action by the Ottawa Charter.

Answer: True
Supporting Sentence: At the 1986 Ottawa Conference, a charter identified new pathways for health promotion based on a socio-ecological understanding of health.
Keywords: 1986 Ottawa Conference, pathways, socio-ecological
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, Line 1
Explanation: A charter from the Ottawa Conference, which was founded on a socio-ecological concept of health, highlighted new avenues for health promotion. Activities related to health are still governed under the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.

Over the course of history, several interpretations of "health" have emerged.

Answer: True
Supporting Sentence: These conceptions of health have also developed considerably over the course of human history.
Keywords: conceptions, health, considerably
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, Line 2
Explanation: Over the course of human history, these ideas of health have also changed significantly.

In 2014, during the Ottawa Conference, a charter was drafted.

Answer: False
Supporting Sentence: At the 1986 Ottawa Conference, a charter identified new pathways for health promotion based on a socio-ecological understanding of health.
Keywords: 1986 Ottawa Conference, pathways, socio-ecological
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, Line 1
Explanation: A charter established new directions for health promotion based on a socio-ecological view of health at the Ottawa Conference in 1986.

The World Women's Organization contested this physically and medically focused perspective on health in the late 1940s.

Answer: False
Supporting Sentence: This physically and medically focused perspective of health was contested by the World Health Organization in the late 1940s.
Keywords: physically, medically, perspective
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, Line 1
Explanation: The World Health Organization disputed this physically and medically oriented viewpoint of health in the late 1940s.

The importance of good health as both a problem and a prerequisite has been demonstrated by historical data as well as by academic assertions.

Answer: Not given
Explanation: The paragraph has no information on the statement, hence the answer is deemed unanswerable.

Questions 11 - 13:
Reading passage has six sections A - G. Choose the correct heading for sections B - E from the list of headings below.

List of headings

Socio-ecological view of health
Changes in concepts of health in Western society
iii. Healthy lifestyles approach to health
Definition of health in medical terms
A holistic approach to health

Section B

Answer: iv
Supporting Sentence: Health has primarily been considered in a physical way throughout recent Western history.
Keywords: primarily, physical, Western history
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, Line 1
Explanation: In modern Western history, health has generally been viewed in a physical sense. To put it another way, traditionally, good health has been linked to the body's efficient mechanical operation, whereas bad health has typically been linked to a problem with this machine. Health in this sense is defined by medical terminology as the absence of disease or sickness.

Section C

Answer: v
Supporting Sentence: Health and the individual were seen from a more holistic perspective, taking into account the mind as well as the body and the spirit.
Keywords: holistic perspective, mind
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, last line
Explanation: A more holistic view of health and the individual was adopted, accounting for the mind in addition to the body and the spirit.

Section D

Answer: iii
Supporting Sentence: Humanistic interest in a healthy approach to health works for some, but not for those with poverty, unemployment, joblessness, or little command over their daily lives.
Keywords: Humanistic, poverty, unemployment, joblessness
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, Line 4
Explanation: Humanistic interest in a healthy approach to health may be effective for certain people, but it is ineffective for people who are poor, jobless, or have little control over their everyday life.

Section E

Answer: i
Supporting Sentence: The social-economic view of health refers to this comprehensive approach to health.
Keywords: social-economic, comprehensive
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Line 4
Explanation: This all-encompassing approach to health is referred to as the social-economic view of health.

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