Parenting and Responsibility Reading Answers

Mar 13, 2024

Parenting and Responsibility Reading Answers is an academic reading answers topic. Parenting and Responsibility Reading Answers have a total of 13 IELTS questions in total. This topic has first 4 questions, that requires to choose a suitable heading for a paragraph in the passage. The next questions asks you to select the correct answer.

Candidates should read the IELTS Reading passage thoroughly to recognize synonyms, identify keywords, and answer the questions below. IELTS Reading practice papers, which feature topics such as Parenting and Responsibility Reading Answers. Candidates can use IELTS reading practice questions and answers to enhance their performance in the reading section.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Parenting and Responsibility

A: There are still significant gaps between women and men in terms of their involvement in family life, the tasks they perform, and the responsibilities they take. Yet, at least in developed Western countries, both women and men express a desire for greater equality in family life. It is evident that in terms of attitudes and beliefs, the problem cannot simply be thought of in terms of women wanting men to share more equally and men being reluctant to do so. The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life These are becoming key concerns of researchers, policymakers, community workers, and more importantly, fomily members themselves

B: Despite the significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce, Australian research studies over the last 15 years are consistent in showing that divisions of labor for family work are very rigid Indeed (Watson 1991). In terms of time, women perform approximately 90 percent of child care tasks and 70 percent of all family work, and only 14 percent of fathers are highly participating in terms of time spent on family work (Russell 1983). Demo and Acock (1993), in a recent US study also found that women continue to perform a constant and major proportion of household labor (68 percent to 95 percent) across all family types (first marriage, divorced, step-family, or never married), regardless of whether they are employed or non-employed in paid work.

C: Divisions of labor for family work are particularly problematic in families in which both parents are employed outside the home (dua. -worker families). Employed mothers adjust their jobs and personal lives to accommodate family commitments more than employed fathers do. Mothers are less likely to work overtime and are more likely to take time off work to attend to children's needs (Vander Heuvel 1993). Mothers spend less time on personal leisure activities than their partners, a factor that often leads to resentment Demo and Acock 1993).

D: The parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers, and a major contributor to such stress is there taking a greater role in child care (Vanden Heuvel 1993). Edgar and Glezer (1992) found that close to 90 percent of both husbands and wives agreed that the man should share equally in child care, yet 55 percent of husbands and wives claimed that the men actually did this. These claims are despite the findings mentioned earlier that point to a much lower participation rate by fathers.) A mother's wanting her partner to do more housework and child care is a better predictor of poor family adjustment than is actual time spent by fathers in these tasks (Demo and Acock 1993). It is this desire, together with its lack of fulfillment in most families that bring about stress in the female parent.

E: Family therapists and social work researchers are increasingly defining family problems in terms of a lack of involvement and suppor from fathers and are concerned with difficulties involved in having fathers take responsibility for the solution of family and child behavior problems (Edgar and Glezer 1986). Yet, a father accepting responsibility for behavior problems is linked with positive outcomes.

F: Research studies and strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life. Greater equality in the performance of family work is associated with lower levels of family stress and higher self-esteem, better health, and higher marital satisfaction for mothers. There is also higher marita. satisfaction for fathers, especially when they take more responsibility for the needs of their children-fathers are happier when they are more involved (Russell 1984).

Section 2

Solution and Explanation

Questions 14-18

Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list of headings (i-xi) below.

Write the appropriate numbers (i-xi). N.B. There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them.

LIST OF HEADINGS

{i) The presumptions of policymakers

{iï) Need for more equitable parenting policies

iii)-fill The impact of dual employment

{iv) Comparison of employed and non-employed mothers

{v) The benefits of balanced responsibility

{vi} The unchanged role of the female parent

{vit) The effect of stress on the female parent

{viii} Disadvantages of parental equality

{ix) The experts' view of the male parent's role

{x) Commitment of mothers to their paid jobs

{xi) Origins of anxiety in working mothers

Section B

Answer: VI
Supporting statement: “.....Despite the significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce........”
Keywords:dependent, chidren
Keyword Location: para B, line 1
Explanation: It is given that the increase in the number of women with dependent children has made them irreplaceable in the work force.

Section C

Answer: III
Supporting statement: “...... Divisions of labor for family work are particularly problematic in families in which both parents are employed outside the home (dua. -worker families).......”
Keywords: problematic, outside
Keyword Location: para C, line 1
Explanation: It is given that the couples who are working face problems with their child. Women are less likely to work more due to caring of their child.

Section D

Answer: XI
Supporting statement: “......The parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers, and a major contributor to such stress is there taking a greater role in child care.......”
Keywords:reported, child
Keyword Location: para D, line 1
Explanation: It is given that the parental role had a reason for anxiety as mentioned by employed mothers. The major problem is taking care of the child.

Section E

Answer: IX
Supporting statement: “......lack of involvement and suppor from fathers and are concerned with difficulties involved in having fathers take responsibility for the solution of family and child behavior problems (Edgar and Glezer 1986).......”
Keywords:responsibility, behavior
Keyword Location: para E, line 2
Explanation: It is given that the lack of involvement and support of farmers are concerned with difficulties. The fathers could not spend time with their childs as they are the earning member of family.

Section F

Answer: V
Supporting statement: “...... Greater equality in the performance of family work is associated with lower levels of family stress and higher self-esteem, better health, and higher marital satisfaction for mothers......”
Keywords:performace, maritial
Keyword Location: para F, line 3
Explanation: It is given that if both the parents are working professionals then they are associated with lower amount of stress.

Questions 19-20

Below is a list of research findings mentioned in Reading Passage

Indicate which researcher(s) are responsible for each research finding: Write the appropriate letters (DA, EG, R, VH, or W)

DA: Demo and Acock

EG: Edgar and Glezer

R: Russell

VH: Vanden Heuvel

W: Watson

Research findings

The number of hours a father spends doing child care is not the best indicator of how well the family is adjusted

Answer: DA
Supporting statement: “......A mother's wanting her partner to do more housework and child care is a better predictor of poor family adjustment than is actual time spent by fathers in these tasks .......”
Keywords: predictor, tasks
Keyword Location: para D, line 7
Explanation: It is given that the a mother wanting to do more housework is far better predictor of healthy family. Actual time spent by fathers doesn’t matter.

The vast majority of fathers do not take part to any great extent in family work Women do the majority of housework whether they are married or not.

Answer: R
Supporting statement: “...... In terms of time, women perform approximately 90 percent of child care tasks and 70 percent of all family work, and only 14 percent of fathers are highly participating in terms of time spent on family work (Russell
1983).......”
Keywords: highly, family
Keyword Location: para B, line 4
Explanation: It is given that the women were responsible for 90% of childcare and household work. Only 14% fathers are involved in family work.

Questions 21-27

Below is a list of research findings mentioned in Reading Passage
Indicate which researcher(s) are responsible for each research finding: Write the appropriate letters (DA, EG, R, VH, or W)

DA: Demo and Acock

EG: Edgar and Glezer

R: Russell

- VH: Vanden Heuvel

- W: Watson

Research findings

Fathers spend more time than mothers on personal leisure activities

Answer: DA
Supporting statement: “......Mothers spend less time on personal leisure activities than their partners, a factor that often leads to resentment Demo and Acock 1993)........”
Keywords: leisure, resentment
Keyword Location: para D, line 5
Explanation: It is given that the fathers are more involved in personal leisure activities than women.

With regard to the issue of equal responsibility for child care, there is a discrepancy between the wishes and the claims of parent couples

Answer: DA
Supporting statement: “......Mothers spend less time on personal leisure activities than their partners, a factor that often leads to resentment Demo and Acock 1993)........”
Keywords:partners, resentment
Keyword Location: para C, line 5
Explanation: It is given that the mothers are mostly involved in child care. It is also expected from father to give time to their child.

Both mothers and fathers are happier where the father assumes some responsibility for issues relating to the behavior of the children.

Answer: EG
Supporting statement: “....... Edgar and Glezer (1992) found that close to 90 percent of both husbands and wives agreed that the man should share equally in child care, yet 55 percent of husbands and wives claimed that the men actually did
this......”
Keywords: agreed, claimed
Keyword Location: para D, line 3
Explanation: It is given that the mothers and fathers have agreed that the man should share equally in childcare.

Researchers now link family problems to fathers' lack of involvement in rearing children.

Answer: R
Supporting statement: “......women continue to perform a constant and major proportion of household labor (68 percent to 95 percent) across all family types (first marriage, divorced, step-family, or never married), regardless of whether they are
employed or non-employed in paid work........”
Keywords:family, work
Keyword Location: para B, line 7
Explanation: It is given that the women have related family problems to lack of involvement in raising children.

In terms of dealing with family issues, employed fathers make fewer sacrifices in their jobs than do working women.

Answer: EG
Supporting statement: “...... lack of involvement and suppor from fathers and are concerned with difficulties involved in having fathers take responsibility for the solution of family and child behavior problems (Edgar and Glezer 1986.......”
Keywords: difficulties, child
Keyword Location: para E, line 2
Explanation: It is given that the lack of involvement of their fathers are a major problem as they do not sacrifice much for their family.

Anxiety results from the mother being the primary caregiver.

Answer: VH
Supporting statement: “......The parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers, and a major contributor to such stress is there taking a greater role in child care (Vanden Heuvel 1993.......”
Keywords:reported, child
Keyword Location: para D, line 1
Explanation: It is given that thee mother always being the caretaker of the child is the reason for mother getting anxiety.

There has been little recent change in the housework and child care roles of mothers and fathers.

Answer: VH
Supporting statement: “......wives agreed that the man should share equally in child care, yet 55 percent of husbands and wives claimed that the men actually did this.......”
Keywords: equally, husbands
Keyword Location: para D, line 4
Explanation: It is given that the 55 percent of husbands are equally sharing the childcare.

Question 28

Write the appropriate letters A, B, C, or D.

In 'Parenting and Responsibility, the writer's main aim is to...

[A] argue that a division of labor in parenting is equitable.

(B] argue for increased participation in parenting by working men and women

[C) discuss the differences in the contributions of men and women to the job of parenting

[D] describe the composition of modern families

Answer: C
Explanation: There writer’s main aim is to show the contrasting differences between parenting and responsibility of the husband and wives.

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