One Who Hopes Reading Answers

Dec 21, 2022

One Who Hopes Reading Answers has a total of 13 questions. The reading abilities of students are assessed in the IELTS Reading section via One Who Hopes Reading Answers passage followed by questions. The IELTS Reading part tests students' skills using a range of question types. In this passage One Who Hopes Reading Answers there are three types of questions:Choose the matching heading, Choose the correct letter, and Yes/No/ Not Given. To secure a high IELTS reading score, practicing from IELTS reading practice papers is necessary.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

One Who Hopes Reading Answers

Language lovers, just like music lovers, enjoy variety. For the latter there's Mozart, The Rolling Stones and Beyonce. For the former there's English, French, Swahili, Urdu... the list is endless. But what about those poor overworked students who find learning difficult, confusing languages a drudge? Wouldn't it put a smile on their faces if there were just one simple, easy-to-learn tongue that would cut their study time by years? Well, of course, it exists. It's called Esperanto, and it's been around for more than 120 years. Esperanto is the most widely spoken artificially constructed international language. The name derives from Doktoro Esperanto, the pseudonym under which L. L. Zamenhof first published his Unua Libro in 1887. The phrase itself means 'one who hopes'. Zamenhof's goal was to create an easy and flexible language as a universal second language to promote peace and international understanding.

Zamenhof, after ten years of developing his brainchild from the late 1870s to the early 1880s, had the first Esperanto grammar published in Warsaw in July 1887. The number of speakers grew rapidly over the next few decades, at first primarily in the Russian empire and Eastern Europe, then in Western Europe and the Americas, China, and Japan. In the early years, speakers of Esperanto kept in contact primarily through correspondence and periodicals, but since 1905 world congresses have been held on five continents every year except during the two World Wars. Latest estimates for the numbers of Esperanto speakers are around 2 million. Put in percentage terms, that's about 0.03% of the world's population - no staggering figure, comparatively speaking. One reason is that Esperanto has no official status in any country, but it is an optional subject on the curriculum of several state education systems. It is widely estimated that it can be learned in anywhere between a quarter to a twentieth of the time required for other languages.

As a constructed language, Esperanto is not genealogically related to any ethnic language. Whilst it is described as 'a language lexically predominantly Romanic', the phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and semantics are based on the western Indo-European languages. For those of us who are not naturally predisposed to tucking languages under our belts, it is an easy language to learn. It has 5 vowels and 23 consonants. It has one simple way of conjugating all of its verbs. Words are often made from many other roots, making the number of words which one must memorise much smaller. The language is phonetic, and the rules of pronunciation are very simple, so that everyone knows how to pronounce a written word and vice-versa, and word order follows a standard, logical pattern. Through prefixing and suffixing, Esperanto makes it easy to identify words as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, direct objects and so on, by means of easy-to-spot endings. All this makes for easy language learning. What's more, several research studies demonstrate that studying Esperanto before another foreign language speeds up and improves the learning of the other language. This is presumably because learning subsequent foreign languages is easier than learning one's first, while the use of a grammatically simple and culturally flexible language like Esperanto softens the blow of learning one's first foreign language. In one study, a group of European high school students studied Esperanto for one year, then French for three years, and ended up with a significantly better command of French than a control group who had studied French for all four years.

Needless to say, the language has Its critics. Some point to the Eastern European features of the language as being harsh and difficult to pronounce, and argue that Esperanto has an artificial feel to it, without the flow of a natural tongue, and that by nature of its artificiality, it is impossible to become emotionally involved with the language. Others cite its lack of cultural history, indigenous literature - "no one has ever written a novel straight into Esperanto" - together with its minimal vocabulary and its inability to express all the necessary philosophical, emotional and psychological concepts.

The champions of Esperanto - Esperantists - disagree. They claim that it is a language in which a great body of world literature has appeared in translation: in poetry, novels, literary journals, and, to rebut the accusation that it is not a 'real' language, point out that it is frequently used at international meetings which draw hundreds and thousands of participants. Moreover, on an international scale, it is most useful - and fair - for neutral communication. That means that communication through Esperanto does not give advantages to the members of any particular people or culture, but provides an ethos of equality of rights, tolerance and true internationalism.

Esperantists further claim that Esperanto has the potential - were it universally taught for a year or two throughout the world - to empower ordinary people to communicate effectively worldwide on a scale that far exceeds that which is attainable today by only the most linguistically brilliant among us. It offers the opportunity to improve communication in business, diplomacy, scholarship and other fields so that those who speak many different native languages will be able to participate fluently in international conferences and chat comfortably with each other after the formal presentations are made. Nowadays that privilege is often restricted to native speakers of English and those who have special talents and opportunities for learning English as a foreign language.

What Esperanto does offer in concrete terms is the potential of saving billions of dollars which are now being spent on translators and interpreters, billions which would be freed up to serve the purposes of governments and organisations that spend so much of their resources to change words from one language into the words of others. Take, for example, the enormously costly conferences, meetings and documentation involved in the European Union parliamentary and administrative procedures - all funded, essentially, by tax payers. And instead of the World Health Organisation, and all NGOs for that matter, devoting enormous sums to provide interpreters and translations, they would be able to devote those huge amounts of money to improving the health of stricken populations throughout the world.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation
Questions 14-19
Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A - G.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B - G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i - ix in spaces 14-19 below.

i	A non-exclusive language
ii	Fewer languages, more results
iii	Language is personal
iv	What’s fashionable in language
v	From the written word to the spoken word
vi	A real language
vii	Harmony through language
viii	The mechanics of a language
ix	Lost in translation

Question 14

Answer: v-From the written word to the spoken word
Supporting Sentence: Esperanto grammar published in Warsaw in July 1887. The number of speakers grew rapidly over the next few decades
Keyword: Esperanto grammar, grew rapidly
Keyword Location: Paragraph B
Explanation: This passage describes how Esperanto was founded by its founder, Zamenhof, as well as the challenges it had to face in order to become an accepted international tongue. Esperanto only has 0.03% of the world's population speak it, he claims, in large part because it has not been aggressively disseminated to other countries and has no official standing there.

Question 15

Answer: viii-The mechanics of a language
Supporting Sentence: As a constructed language, Esperanto is not genealogically related to any ethnic language. Whilst it is described as 'a language lexically predominantly Romanic', the phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and semantics are based on the western Indo-European languages.
Keyword: phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and semantics
Keyword Location: Paragraph C
Explanation: The author points out that Esperanto is a created language and does not, in general, have a specific ethnic or cultural origin. There are similarities in the grammar, phonetics, and semantics with the Indo-European language family. Writer takes pride on having just 5 vowels and 2 consonants, making it simple to learn.

Question 16

Answer: iii-Language is personal
Supporting Sentence: its minimal vocabulary and its inability to express all the necessary philosophical, emotional and psychological concepts.
Keyword: philosophical, emotional and psychological concepts
Keyword Location: Paragraph D
Explanation: Paragraph D places a strong emphasis on the language's uniqueness and isolation since, according to language critics, it lacks any emotional or cultural roots. Therefore, this language constantly gives the speaker a feeling of artificiality. This also becomes a problem when speakers have trouble pronouncing words since they do not come out of their mouths naturally.

Question 17

Answer: vi-A real language
Supporting Sentence: They claim that it is a language in which a great body of world literature has appeared in translation: in poetry, novels, literary journals, and, to rebut the accusation that it is not a 'real' language.
Keyword: poetry, novels, literary journals
Keyword Location: Paragraph E
Explanation: The language's supporter claims that the language's artificiality gives it its distinctiveness. Esperanto is said to become a neutral language since it has no ethnic or cultural heritage.

Question 18

Answer: i-A non-exclusive language
Supporting Sentence: to empower ordinary people to communicate effectively worldwide on a scale that far exceeds that which is attainable today by only the most linguistically brilliant among us.
Keyword: linguistically brilliant
Keyword Location: Paragraph F
Explanation: The author emphasises the language's potential for development and the reason because of its failure is that, although having all the necessary characteristics to develop into a common worldwide language, it was not being taught in classrooms or introduced to the curricula.

Question 19

Answer: ii-Fewer languages, more results
Supporting Sentence: potential of saving billions of dollars which are now being spent on translators and interpreters
Keyword: translators and interpreters
Keyword Location: Paragraph G
Explanation: The author expresses his worry about the billions of dollars spent on simple translations at conferences or gatherings throughout the world; these funds are taxes paid by the working class to the ruling class.

Questions 20-22
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.

Question 20: What advantage is there to learning Esperanto as one’s first foreign language?

Its pronunciation rules follow those of most European languages.
There are no grammar rules to learn.
It can make the learning of other foreign languages less complicated.
Its verbs are not conjugated.

Answer: C- It can make the learning of other foreign languages less complicated
Supporting Sentence: learning subsequent foreign languages is easier than learning one's first, while the use of a grammatically simple and culturally flexible language like Esperanto softens the blow of learning one's first foreign language.
Keyword: flexible language, grammatically simple
Keyword Location: Paragraph C
Explanation: As stated in the paragraph, pupils who spent their four years studying only French had an advantage over those who spent one year learning Language and three years studying French.

Question 21: What do its critics say of Esperanto?

It is only used in artificial situations.
It requires emotional involvement.
It cannot translate works of literature.
It lacks depth of expression.

Answer: D- It lacks depth of expression
Supporting Sentence: an artificial feel to it, without the flow of a natural tongue, and that by nature of its artificiality, it is impossible to become emotionally involved with the language.
Keyword: nature of its artificiality
Keyword Location: Paragraph D
Explanation: Esperanto is a made-up language with no linguistic or cultural heritage. The lack of an emotional context for the words, the lack of a free flow of phrases from the tongue naturally, and the lack of an elegant language make it difficult for the speaker to pronounce the phrases naturally.

Question 22: How could Esperanto help on a global level?

It would eliminate the need for conferences.
More aid money would reach those who need it.
The world population would be speaking only one language.
More funds could be made available for learning foreign languages.

Answer: B - More aid money would reach those who need it.
Supporting Sentence: they would be able to devote those huge amounts of money to improving the health of stricken populations throughout the world.
Keyword: health, stricken populations
Keyword Location: Paragraph G
Explanation: Due to the variety of languages used in the forums, translating for international meetings and conferences costs millions of dollars. All languages will be able to communicate with one another if a universal language is learnt. This will save a million dollars, which can then be utilised to aid those who are in real need.

Questions 23-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
In spaces 23-26 below, write

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Question 23: Supporters of Esperanto say it gives everyone an equal voice.

Answer: YES
Supporting Sentence: Esperanto does not give advantages to the members of any particular people or culture, but provides an ethos of equality of rights, tolerance and true internationalism
Keyword: equality of rights, tolerance and true internationalism
Keyword Location: Paragraph E
Explanation: Because the language lacks any cultural or emotional context, it offers all speakers equal representation and prevents any speaker from having an advantage over the others.

Question 24: Esperanto is the only artificially-constructed language.

Answer: NO
Supporting Sentence: Esperanto is the most widely spoken artificially constructed international language.
Keyword: spoken artificially, constructed international
Keyword Location: Paragraph A
Explanation: There are several additional intentionally or mechanically created languages. One of those languages is Esperanto, which is also one of the easiest to learn.

Question 25: Esperanto can be learned as part of a self-study course.

Answer: NOT GIVEN
Explanation: No paragraph addresses whether learning Esperanto as part of the a self-study course is possible or not. The right response is hence "NOT GIVEN."

Question 26: Esperanto can be used equally in formal and casual situations.

Answer: YES
Supporting Sentence: Esperanto does not give advantages to the members of any particular people or culture, but provides an ethos of equality of rights, tolerance and true internationalism
Keyword: Esperanto, aggressively, eradicate, ethnic, phonetics, semantics
Keyword Location: Paragraph E
Explanation: Esperanto is a universal language that can be used and spoken in any situation. It is not necessary to speak it in international forums or at international meetings, although this is one of its advantages. If not, it can be used spoken and informally since there are no restrictions on how it can be used.

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