On the Move IELTS Reading Answers

Mar 15, 2024

On the Move IELTS Reading Answers is an academic reading answers topic. On the Move IELTS Reading Answers have a total of 14 IELTS questions in total. This topic has 5 questions in which we have to fill up the black choosing appropriate words from paragraphs. The rest of the questions are to choose the correct option.

Candidates should read the IELTS Reading passage thoroughly to recognize synonyms, identify keywords, and answer the questions below. IELTS Reading practice papers, which feature topics such as What are shares for Reading Answers. Candidates can use IELTS reading practice questions and answers to enhance their performance in the reading section.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

On the move

Economic analysis sheds light on the history of migration and on its future

DURING successive waves of globalisation in the three centuries leading up to the first world war, migration of labour was consistently one of the biggest drivers of economic change. Since 1945 the world has experienced a new era of accelerating globalisation, and the international movement of labour is proving once again to be of the greatest economic and social significance. As a new study by Barry Chiswick of the University of Illinois at Chicago and Timothy Hatton of the University of Essex makes plain, it is economic factors that have been uppermost throughout the history of migration.
For many years after the discovery of America, the flow of, free migrants from Europe was steady but quite small: transport costs were high, conditions harsh and the dangers of migration great. In 1650 a free migrant's passage to North America cost nearly half a year's wages for a farm labourer in southern England. Slavery predominated until the slave trade was stopped in the first half of the 19th century. By around 1800, North America and the Caribbean islands had received some 8m immigrants Of these, about 7m were African slaves.
The first era of mass voluntary migration was between 1850 and 1913. Over 1m people a year were drawn to the new world by the turn of the 20th century. Growing prosperity; falling transport costs and lower risk all pushed in the same direction Between 1914 and 1945, war, global depression and government policy reduced migration. During some years in the 1930s people returning to Europe from the United States, even though comparatively few, actually outnumbered immigrants going the other way. After the second world war the cost of travel fell steeply. But now the pattern changed. Before long Europe declined as a source of immigration and grew as a destination. Emigration from developing countries expanded rapidly: incomes there rose enough to make emigration feasible, but not enough to make it pointless. Many governments began trying to contro immigration. Numbers, legal and illegal, surged nonetheless, as economics had its way.
Migration, it is safe to assume, is in the interests of (voluntary) migrants: they would not move otherwise. The evidence suggests that it is also very much in the overall interests of the receiving countries. But, as Mr Chiswick and Mr Hatton point out, there are losers in those countries. The increase in the supply of labour means that the wages of competing workers may fall, at least to start with.
The economic conditions now seem propitious for an enormous further expansion of migration. On the face of it, this will be much like that of a century ago. As before, the main expansionary pressures arc rising incomes in the rich countries and rising incomes in the poor ones. (This second point is often neglected: as poor countries get a little less poor, emigration tends to increase because people acquire the means to move.) The study emphasises, however, two crucial differences between then and now
One is that, in the first decade of the 20th century, the receiving countries needed lots of unskilled workers in industry and farming. In the first decade of the 21st century, in contrast, opportunities for unskilled workers are dwindling. In the United States wages of unskilled workers are falling. The fall is enough to hurt the workers concerned, but not to deter new immigrants And the other big difference between now and a century ago? it is that the affected rich-country workers are in a stronger position to complain, and get something done. The most likely result is that a trend that is already well established will continue: countries will try to restrict the immigration of unskilled workers, giving preference to workers with skills.
This does help, in one way, quite apart from narrowing the rich countries' shortage of skilled workers: it reduces the pressure to make low wages even lower. However, the idea has drawbacks too. It turns away many of the poorest people who want to migrate, which is hard to justify in humanitarian terms. Also, it pushes others from this group into illegal immigration, which exposes them to dangers, makes integration more diffcult and may even make the wages of low-paid workers even lower than if the same migrants entered legally. On top of all this is the loss of skilled workers in the sending countries. Already some of the world's poorest nations lose almost all the doctors they train to jobs in Europe or North America. Money immigrants seno home offsets some of that loss, but not all.
Today's migration, much more than the migration of old, poses some insoluble dilemmas. Belief in individual freedom suggests that rich countries should adopt more liberal immigration rules, both for unskilled migrants and skilled ones. With or without such rules, more migrants are coming. And in either case, the question of compensation for the losers, in rich countries and poor countries alike, will demand some attention.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation

Questions 14-18

Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the passage.

Until the early 19th century the majority of migrants to North America were .

Answer: SLAVES / AFRICAN SLAVES
Supporting statement: “........By around 1800, North America and the Caribbean islands had received some 8m immigrants Of these, about 7m were African slaves..........”
Keywords: island, slaves
Keyword Location: para B, line 5
Explanation: It is given that the majority of migrants to north america were african slaves.

However, in the second half of the 19th century, and cheaper To travel meant that more people could afford to emigrate voluntarily.

Answer: GROWING PROSPERITY / RISING INCOMES
Supporting statement: “......... On the face of it, this will be much like that of a century ago. As before, the main expansionary pressures arc rising incomes in the rich countries and rising incomes in the poor ones........”
Keywords: expansionary, incomes
Keyword Location: para E, line 3
Explanation: It is given that the in the second half of the 19th century. Later the average income started to increase and allowed people to immigrate at will.

At the beginning of the 20th century, immigrants to receiving countries found jobs as in factories and on farms.

Answer: UNSKILLED WORKERS
Supporting statement: “........unskilled workers in industry and farming. In the first decade of the 21st century, in contrast, opportunities for unskilled workers are dwindling.........”
Keywords: decade, dwindling
Keyword Location: para F, line 2
Explanation: It is given that at the beginning of 20th century the immigrants started to work as unskilled workers.

After the second world war there was a great increase in emigrants from.

Answer: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Supporting statement: “........Emigration from developing countries expanded rapidly: incomes there rose enough to make emigration feasible, but not enough to make it pointless..........”
Keywords: income, pointless
Keyword Location: para C, line 8
Explanation: It is given that after the end of second world war the developing countries was the reason for the most of the emigration to other countries.

Nowadays, receiving countries generally prefer immigrants.

Answer: WITH SKILLS
Supporting statement: “........The most likely result is that a trend that is already well established will continue: countries will try to restrict the immigration of unskilled workers, giving preference to workers with skills..........”
Keywords: established, workers
Keyword Location: para G, line 2
Explanation: It is given that the receiving countries had no objection in receiving the skilled workers.

Questions 19-21

Which paragraphs in the passage contain the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-I.

changing departure points and destinations for migrants

Answer: C
Supporting statement: “........The first era of mass voluntary migration was between 1850 and 1913. Over 1m people a year were drawn to the new world by the turn of the 20th century.........”
Keywords: voluntary, world
Keyword Location: para C, line 1
Explanation: It is given that the first era of voluntary migration was during 1850s. Later the departure points changed.

disadvantages of present immigration policies

Answer: H
Supporting statement: “......... It turns away many of the poorest people who want to migrate, which is hard to justify in humanitarian terms.........”
Keywords: migrate, terms
Keyword Location: para H, line 3
Explanation: It is given that the current rules for the immigration doesn’t allow the poor people to migrate which is not fair.

the immigrants who rich countries find more acceptable

Answer: G
Supporting statement: “........The most likely result is that a trend that is already well established will continue: countries will try to restrict the immigration of unskilled workers, giving preference to workers with skills..........”
Keywords: countries, preferences
Keyword Location: para G, line 2
Explanation: It is given that the well established people are generally allowed to immigrate to rich countries.

Questions 22-24

Which paragraphs in the passage contain the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-l.

how earning more money affects migration ..........

Answer: E
Supporting statement: “.......The economic conditions now seem propitious for an enormous further expansion of migration. On the face of it, this will be much like that of a century ago..........”
Keywords: enormous, century
Keyword Location: para E, line 1
Explanation: It is given that the economic condition plays an important role in migration.

migration was mainly compulsory .........

Answer: B
Supporting statement: “.......For many years after the discovery of America, the flow of, free migrants from Europe was steady but quite small: transport costs were high, conditions harsh and the dangers of migration great..........”
Keywords: migrants, dangers
Keyword Location: para B, line 1
Explanation: It is given that the migration was very common at the early 80s. Early the harsh condition were the reason for people to migrate to cities.

changing the laws on immigration ..........

Answer: I
Supporting statement: “........Belief in individual freedom suggests that rich countries should adopt more liberal immigration rules, both for unskilled migrants and skilled ones.........”
Keywords: adopt, migrants
Keyword Location: para I, line 2
Explanation: It is given that the earlier laws of the immigration was not properly applicable at the present time.

Questions 25-26 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Pressure to migrate is increasing now because

economic conditions have become more desperate.
immigration restrictions are being relaxed.
people generally earn more.
there is a greater need for unskilled workers.

Answer: C
Supporting statement: “........On the face of it, this will be much like that of a century ago. As before, the main expansionary pressures arc rising incomes in the rich countries and rising incomes in the poor ones.........”
Keywords: expansion, rising
Keyword Location: para E, line 2
Explanation: It is given that the increase in the income of the people led to the increase in the number of migrants.

Lower incomes for unskilled workers in receiving countries have

encouraged countries to import skilled workers.
led to protests about immigration.
reduced the amount of money immigrants send home.
provided opportunities for immigrants in manufacturing and agriculture.

Answer: B
Supporting statement: “........transport costs were high, conditions harsh and the dangers of migration great. In 1650 a free migrant's passage to North America cost nearly half a year's wages for a farm labourer in southern England.........”
Keywords: half, labourer
Keyword Location: para B, line 2
Explanation: It is given that the lower incomes for unskilled lobourer didn’t allowed them to migrate. It led to protest among the govt and the immigrants.

Questions 27-29

The list below gives some of the effects of immigration restrictions.

Which THREE effects are mentioned in the passage?

It is more difficult for illegal immigrants to integrate.
Jobs in sending countries become more secure.
More unskilled workers immigrate illegally.
Unskilled workers in receiving countries may become poorer.
Workers in rich countries complain.

Ques 27:

Answer: A
Supporting statement: “........Also, it pushes others from this group into illegal immigration, which exposes them to dangers, makes integration more diffcult .........”
Keywords: immigration, exposes
Keyword Location: para H, line 4
Explanation: It is given that the illegal immigration were living in danger from many sides. It also leads to diiculty in integrating with the society.

Ques 28:

Answer: C
Supporting statement: “........In the first decade of the 21st century, in contrast, opportunities for unskilled workers are dwindling. In the United States wages of unskilled workers are falling..........”
Keywords: unskilled, workers
Keyword Location: para F, line 1
Explanation: It is given that the unskilled workers were not sure of the jobs. Hence they were the major people in immigration.

Ques 29:

Answer: D
Supporting statement: “.........In the United States wages of unskilled workers are falling. The fall is enough to hurt the workers concerned, but not to deter new immigrants........”
Keywords: falling , immigrants
Keyword Location: para F, line 3
Explanation: It is given that the unskilled workers who were received in USA became more poorer.

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