Natural Choice Coffee and Chocolate Reading Answers

Jan 3, 2023

Natural Choice Coffee and Chocolate Reading Answers is a brief discussion about coffee and chocolate. The given IELTS topic has originated from the book named “IELTS Practice Tests Plus 2 CD for PacK”. The topic named Natural Choice Coffee and Chocolate Reading Answers comes with 13 sets of questions. There are three different types of questions included in this topic, which are, True/False/Not Given, choose the correct letter, and classify the features. The candidates should thoroughly read the IELTS reading passage to recognize the synonyms and identify the keywords and answer the questions below. Similar kinds of topics like The Natural Choice Coffee and Chocolate Reading Answers are included in the IELTS reading practice papers, which the candidates can take into their consideration for performing a good score in this section.

Section 1

Read the passage to answer the following questions

Natural Choice Coffee and Chocolate Reading Answers

When scientists from London’s Natural History Museum descended on the coffee farms of the tiny Central American republic of El Salvador, they were astonished to find such diversity of insect and plant species. During 18 months' work on 12 farms, they found a third more species of parasitic wasp than are known to exist in the whole country of Costa Rica. They described four new species and are aware of a fifth. On 24 farms they found nearly 300 species of tree when they had expected to find about 100.

El Salvador has lost much of its natural forest, with coffee farms covering nearly 10% of the country. Most of them use the ‘shade-grown’ method of production, which utilises a semi-natural forest ecosystem. Alex Munro, the museum’s botanist on the expedition, says: ‘Our findings amazed our insect specialist. There’s a very sophisticated food web present. The wasps, for instance, may depend on specific species of tree.’

It's the same the world over. Species diversity is much higher where coffee is grown in shade conditions. In addition, coffee (and chocolate) is usually grown in tropical rainforest regions that are biodiversity hotspots. ‘These habitats support up to 70% of the planets plant and animal species, and so the production methods of cocoa and coffee can have a hugely significant impact,' explains Dr Paul Donald of the Royal Society for the. Protection of Birds.

So what does ‘shade-grown’ mean, and why is it good for wildlife? Most of the world's coffee is produced by poor farmers in the developing world. Traditionally they have grown coffee (and cocoa) under the shade of selectively thinned tracts of rain forest in a genuinely sustainable form of farming. Leaf fall from the canopy provides a supply of nutrients and acts as a mulch that suppresses weeds. The insects that live in the canopy pollinate the cocoa and coffee and prey on pests. The trees also provide farmers with fruit and wood for fuel.

Bird diversity in shade-grown coffee plantations rivals that found in natural forests in the same region.’ says Robert Rice from the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. In Ghana, West Africa. - one of the world's biggest producers of cocoa - 90% of the cocoa is grown under shade, and these forest plantations are a vital habitat for wintering European migrant birds. In the same way. the coffee forests of Central and South America are a refuge for wintering North American migrants.

More recently, a combination of the collapse in the world market for coffee and cocoa and a drive to increase yields by producer countries has led to huge swathes of shade-grown coffee and cocoa being cleared to make way for a highly intensive, monoculture pattern of production known as ‘full sun’. But this system not only reduces the diversity of flora and fauna, it also requires huge amounts of pesticides and fertilisers. In Cote d’Ivoire, which produces more than half the world's cocoa, more than a third of the crop is now grown in full-sun conditions.

The loggers have been busy in the Americas too, where nearly 70% of all Colombian coffee is now produced using full-sun production. One study carried out in Colombia and Mexico found that, compared with shade coffee, full-sun plantations have 95% fewer species of birds.

In LI Salvador. Alex Munro says shade-coffee farms have a cultural as well as ecological significance and people are not happy to see them go. But the financial pressures are great, and few of these coffee farms make much money. ‘One farm we studied, a cooperative of 100 families, made just S 10,000 a year S100 per family and that's not taking labour costs into account.’

The loss of shade-coffee forests has so alarmed a number of North American wildlife organisations that they 're now harnessing consumer power to help save these threatened habitats. They are promoting a ‘certification' system that can indicate to consumers that the beans have been grown on shade plantations. Bird-friendly coffee, for instance, is marketed by the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. The idea is that the small extra cost is passed directly on to the coffee farmers as a financial incentive to maintain their shade-coffee farms.

Not all conservationists agree with such measures, however. Some say certification could be leading to the loss not preservation of natural forests. John Rappole of the Smithsonian Conservation and Research Center, for example, argues that shade- grown marketing provides ‘an incentive to convert existing areas of primary forest that are too remote or steep to be converted profitably to other forms of cultivation into shade-coffee plantations’.

Other conservationists, such as Stacey Philpott and colleagues, argue the case for shade coffee. But there are different types of shade growing. Those used by subsistence farmers are virtually identical to natural forest (and have a corresponding diversity), while systems that use coffee plants as the understorey and cacao or citrus trees as the overstorey may be no more diverse than full-sun farms. Certification procedures need to distinguish between the two. and Ms Philpott argues that as long as the process is rigorous and offers financial gains to the producers, shade growing does benefit the environment.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation

Questions 15-19

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 298?
In boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet write -

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

More species survive on the farms studied by the researchers than in the natural El Salvador forests.
Nearly three-quarters of the Earth's wildlife species can be found in shade- coffee plantations.
Farmers in El Salvador who have tried both methods prefer shade-grown plantations.
Shade plantations are important for migrating birds in both Africa and the Americas.
Full-sun cultivation can increase the costs of farming.

Q15.

Answer: NOT GIVEN
Explanation: No information in order to support this statement has been provided in the passage. Therefore, the statement is invalid.

Q16.

Answer: FALSE
Supporting Sentence: These habitats support up to 70% of the planet's plant and animal species
Keyword: habitats, 70%, planet's plant and animal species
Keyword location: line 2-3, paragraph 3
Explanation: The second and third lines of paragraph 3 states that coffee and chocolate are generally grown in the region of tropical rainforest areas. Those areas are known as biodiversity hotspots. These territories support 70% of the total population of both animals and plant breeds.

Q17.

Answer: NOT GIVEN
Explanation: No pertinent information is given in this passage in order to prove the validation of this statement. Henceforth, we can mention this statement as an invalid one.

Q18.

Answer: TRUE
Supporting Sentence: In Ghana, West Africa. - one of the world's biggest producers of cocoa - 90% of the cocoa is grown under shade, and these forest plantations are a vital habitat for wintering European migrant birds
Keyword: 90%, vital habitat, European migrant birds
Keyword location: paragraph 5, line 2
Explanation: Line 2 of paragraph 5 depicts that West Africa in Ghana is one of the largest and huge suppliers of cocoa in the world. Almost 90% of cocoa is planted and nurtured under the shade. These plantations are essential for the dwellings of European immigrant birds. Hence, the statement is regarded as a TRUE one.

Q19.

Answer: TRUE
Supporting Sentence: More recently, a combination of the collapse in the world market for coffee and cocoa and a drive to increase yields by producer countries has led to huge swathes of shade-grown coffee and cocoa being cleared to make way for a highly intensive, monoculture pattern of production known as ‘full sun’.
Keyword: monoculture, production, ‘full sun’
Keyword location: paragraph 6, line 1
Explanation: The sixth line of paragraph 6 states that large tracts of shade-grown coffee and cocoa have lately been destroyed. They were destroyed to make room for a highly intensive, monoculture type of production known as full sun. It has been driven by the collapse in the global market for coffee and cocoa as well as a push to enhance yields by producer countries. Therefore, the above sentence is regarded as a TRUE one.

Questions 20-23

Look at the following opinions (Questions 20-23) and the list of people below.
Match each opinion to the person credited with it.
Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 20-23 on your answer sheet.

You can write any letter more than once.

Encouraging shade growing may lead to farmers using the natural forest for their plantations.
If shade-coffee farms match the right criteria, they can be good for wildlife.
There may be as many species of bird found on shade farms in a particular area, as in natural habitats there.
Currently, many shade-coffee farmers earn very little.

Alex Munroe
Paul Donald
Robert Rice
John Rappole
Stacey Philpott

Q20.

Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: John Rappole of the Smithsonian Conservation and Research Center, for example, argues that shade-grown marketing provides ‘an incentive to convert existing areas of primary forest that are too remote or steep to be converted profitably to other forms of cultivation into shade-coffee plantations’.
Keyword: John Rappole, primary forest, remote
Keyword location: paragraph 10, line 2
Explanation: Line 2 of paragraph 10 suggests some words of John Rappole of the Smithsonian Conservation and Research Center. He states that the shade-growing plantation market can assist farmers economically. It can be used so by converting the existing natural forests in the areas for horticultural purposes.

Q21.

Answer: E
Supporting Sentence: Ms.Philpott argues that as long as the process is rigorous and offers financial gains to the producers, shade growing does benefit the environment.
Keyword: Ms.Philpott, shade growing, benefit the environment
Keyword location: paragraph 10, last line
Explanation: Paragraph 10 implies that as per Ms.Philpott, as long as the shade growing plantation procedure is helpful, it is beneficial to the environment. If the farmers are getting economically benefitted from the plantation, shade growing will be a good feature for the wildlife environment.

Q22.

Answer: C
Supporting Sentence: Bird diversity in shade-grown coffee plantations rivals that found in natural forests in the same region.’ says Robert Rice from the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center.
Keyword: Bird diversity, coffee plantations, Robert Rice
Keyword location: paragraph 5, line 1
Explanation: As per Robert Rice in line 1 of paragraph 5, comparable to natural forests in the same area, shade-grown coffee plantations have a high bird diversity.

Q23.

Answer: A
Supporting Sentence: But the financial pressures are great, and few of these coffee farms make much money.
Keyword: financial pressures, money, Alex Munroe
Keyword location: paragraph 8, line 2
Explanation: Alex Munroe in line 2 of paragraph 8 implies that due to the economic pressure, the shade-coffee farmers earn very little from their cultivation.

Questions 24-27

Classify the features described below as applying to

the shade-grown method
the full-sun method
both shade-grown and full-sun methods

Write the correct letter A-C in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.

can be used on either coffee or cocoa plantations
is expected to produce bigger crops
documentation may be used to encourage sales
can reduce wildlife diversity

Q24.

Answer: C
Supporting Sentence: In Cote d’Ivoire, which produces more than half the world's cocoa, more than a third of the crop is now grown in full-sun conditions.
Keyword: produces, world's cocoa, full-sun conditions
Keyword location: paragraph 6, last line
Explanation: More than a third of the crop is now cultivated in full sunlight in Cote d'Ivoire, which produces more than half of the world's cocoa. Under a really sustainable kind of farming, they have traditionally cultivated coffee (and cocoa) in the shade of areas of rainforest. The areas that have been strategically thinned off.

Q25.

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: More recently, a combination of the collapse in the world market for coffee and cocoa and a drive to increase yields by producer countries has led to huge swathes of shade-grown coffee and cocoa
being cleared to make way for a highly intensive, monoculture pattern of production known as ‘full sun’
Keyword: ‘certification', beans, shade plantations
Keyword location: paragraph 6, line 1
Explanation: The first line of paragraph 6 states that in order to cultivate bigger crops, the full sun method has been implemented. This production is a type of single-crop production pattern.

Q26.

Answer: A
Supporting Sentence: They are promoting a ‘certification' system that can indicate to consumers that the beans have been grown on shade plantations.
Keyword: ‘certification', beans, shade plantations
Keyword location: paragraph 9, line 2
Explanation: Several conservation organizations in North America are now using consumer power to help rescue these threatened habitats. It has been done since the disappearance of shade-coffee forests has them so
concerned. They are creating a system of "certification" that can let consumers know that the beans were grown on shade plantations.

Q27.

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: But this system not only reduces the diversity of flora and fauna, it also requires huge amounts of pesticides and fertilizers.
Keyword: system, reduces, diversity
Keyword location: paragraph 6, line 2
Explanation: Line 2 of paragraph 6 portrays that the full-sun method dwindles the varieties of flora and fauna. This method also needs enormous fertilizers and pesticides to be implemented in a proper manner.