Inspired By Mimicking Mother Nature Reading Answers

Dec 2, 2022

Inspired By Mimicking Mother Nature Reading Answers has 14 sets of questions which the candidates are reuited to attempt within the given time span of 20 minutes. The topic comprises of two different sorts of questions, namely, match the levels and Yes No Not Given. In order to understand the concept provided, the candidates needs a thorough study of the passage and then should opt to choose the correct match to complete the sentence. answer based on the given instructions. A neat understanding of the IELTS reading passage is mandatory for the candidates in order to identify the keywords, and recognize the synonyms to choose the options Yes No Not Given.

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Reading Passage Questions

Researchers and designers around the globe endeavor to create new technologies that, by honoring the tenets of life, are both highly efficient and often environmentally friendly. And while biomimicry is not a new concept (Leonardo da Vinci looked to nature to design his flying machines, for example, and pharmaceutical companies have long been miming plant organisms in synthetic drugs), there is a greater need for products and manufacturing processes that use a minimum of energy, materials, and toxins. What’s more, due to technological advancements and a newfound spirit of innovation among designers, there are now myriad ways to mimic Mother Nature’s best assets.
“We have a perfect storm happening right now,” says Jay Harman, an inventor and CEO of PAX Scientific, which designs fans, mixers, and pumps to achieve maximum efficiency by imitating the natural flow of fluids. “Shapes in nature are extremely simple once you understand them, but to understand what geometries are at play, and to adapt them, is a very complex process. We only just recently have had the computer power and manufacturing capability to produce these types of shapes.” “If we could capture nature’s efficiencies across the board, we could decrease dependency on fuel by at least 50 percent,” Harman says. “What we’re finding already with the tools and methodology we have right now is that we can reduce energy consumption by between 30 and 40 percent.”
It’s only recently that mainstream companies have begun to equate biomimicry with the bottom line. DaimlerChrysler, for example, introduced a prototype car modeled on a coral reef fish. Despite its boxy, cube-shaped body, which defies a long-held aerodynamic standard in automotive design (the raindrop shape), the streamlined boxfish proved to be aerodynamically ideal and the unique construction of its skin—numerous hexagonal, bony plates—a perfect recipe for designing a car of maximum strength with minimal weight.
Companies and communities are flocking to Janine Benyus, author of the landmark book Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature (Perennial, 2002) and cofounder of the Biomimicry Guild, which seats biologists at the table with researchers and designers at companies such as Nike, Interface carpets, Novell, and Procter & Gamble. Their objective is to marry industrial problems with natural solutions.
Benyus, who hopes companies will ultimately transcend mere product design to embrace nature on a more holistic level, breaks biomimicry into three tiers. On a basic (albeit complicated) level, industry will mimic nature’s precise and efficient shapes, structures, and geometries. The microstructure of the lotus leaf, for example, causes raindrops to bead and run off immediately, while self-cleaning and drying its surface—a discovery that the British paint company Sto has exploited in a line of building paints. The layered structure of a butterfly wing or a peacock plume, which creates iridescent color by refracting light, is being mimicked by cosmetics giant L’Oreal in a soon-to-be-released line of eye shadow, lipstick, and nail varnish.
The next level of biomimicry involves imitating natural processes and biochemical “recipes”: Engineers and scientists are now looking at the nasal glands of seabirds to solve the problem of desalination; the abalone’s ability to self-assemble its incredibly durable shell in water, using local ingredients, has inspired an alternative to the conventional, and often toxic, “heat, beat, and treat” manufacturing method. How other organisms deal with harmful bacteria can also be instructive: Researchers for the Australian company Biosignal, for instance, observed a seaweed that lives in an environment teeming with microbes to figure out how it kept free of the same sorts of bacterial colonies, called biofilms, that cause plaque on your teeth and clog up your bathroom drain. They determined that the seaweed uses natural chemicals, called furanones, that jam the cell-to-cell signaling systems that allow bacteria to communicate and gather.
Ultimately, the most sophisticated application of biomimicry, according to Benyus, is when a company starts seeing itself as an organism in an economic ecosystem that must make thrifty use of limited resources and creates symbiotic relationships with other organisms. A boardroom approach at this level begins with imagining any given company, or collection of industries, as a forest, prairie, or coral reef, with its own “food web”(manufacturing inputs and outputs) and asking whether waste products from one manufacturing process can be used, or perhaps sold, as an ingredient for another industrial activity. For instance, Geoffrey Coates, a chemist at Cornell, has developed a biodegradable plastic synthesized from carbon dioxide and limonene (a major component in the oil extracted from citrus rind) and is working with a cement factory to trap their waste CO2 and use it as an ingredient.
Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives (ZERI), a global network of scientists, entrepreneurs, and educators, has initiated eco industrial projects that attempt to find ways to reuse all wastes as raw materials for other processes. Storm Brewing in Newfoundland, Canada—in one of a growing number of projects around the world applying ZERI principles—is using spent grains, a by-product of the beer-making process, to make bread and grow mushrooms.

As industries continue to adopt nature’s models, entire manufacturing processes could operate locally, with local ingredients like the factories that use liquefied beach sand to make windshields. As more scientists and engineers begin to embrace biomimicry, natural organisms will come to be regarded as mentors, their processes deemed masterful.

Solution with Explanation
Question 1-6:
Look at the following sections mentioned in the reading passage. Match the three kinds of levels (A-C) listed below the description.
Write appropriate letters, A-C, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

First Level: mimic nature’s precise and efficient shapes, structures, and geometrics
Second Level: imitating natural processes and biochemical ‘recipes’
Third Level: creates symbiotic relationships with other like organisms

Synthesized plastic, developed together with cement factory, can recycle waste gas

Answer: C
Supporting Sentence: It is working with a cement factory to trap their waste CO2 and use it as an ingredient.
Keyword: Synthesized, plastic, waste, cement factory
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, 3rd Line
Explanation: The third sentence of paragaph G suggests that Cornell University researcher Geoffrey Coates has created a biodegradable plastic that is made from carbon dioxide and limonene (a major component in the oil extracted from citrus rind). It is collaborating with a cement mill to capture and utilise the waste CO2. Thus, option C is the right option here.

Cosmetics companies produce a series of shine cosmetic colours

Answer: A
Supporting Sentence: It is being mimicked by cosmetics giant L’Oréal in a soon-to-be-released line of eye shadow, lipstick, and nail varnish.
Keyword: Cosmetics, colours
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, 9th Line
Explanation: Line number 9 of paragraph E explains that the Industry will fundamentally (though intricately) imitate nature's exact and effective shapes, structures, and geometries. The layered design of a butterfly wing or a peacock plume, which refracts light to produce iridescent colour. L'Oréal, a major player in the cosmetics industry, is imitating it with a line of eye shadow, lipstick, and nail polish that will soon be available. Therefore, option E is the correct answer.

People are inspired how to remove excess salt inspired by nature

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: The next level of biomimicry involves imitating natural processes and biochemical “recipes”: Engineers and scientists are now looking at the nasal glands of seabirds to solve the problem of desalination.
Keyword: Desalination
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, 3rd Line
Explanation: The third sentence of paragraph F elaborates that the Desalination is a kind of process for removing excess or all salts, and in the passage, engineers and scientists discuss how to imitate natural processes and biological formulas. These people are trying to address the desalination problem by studying into seabirds' nasal glands. Therefore, desalination or some other natural mechanism to eliminate excess salt must take place in seabirds' nasal glands. So, option B matches here.

Daimler Chrysler introduced a fish shaped car

Answer: A
Supporting Sentence: Daimler Chrysler, for example, introduced a prototype car modelled on a coral reef fish.
Keyword: fish, car, Daimler Chrysler
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, 2nd &3rd line
Explanation: The second and third line of paragaph C explains that a precursor type of car designed on a coral reef fish by Daimler Chrysler, which implies to have a coral reef fish and and its an imitation of nature’s accurate model. Thus, option A is the right choice here.

Marine plan completely integrated itself into a part in economic ecosystem

Answer: C
Supporting Sentence: Ultimately, the most sophisticated application of biomimicry, according to Benyus, is when a company starts seeing itself as an organism in an economic ecosystem.
Keyword: economic ecosystem
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, 3rd line
Explanation: The 3^rd line of paragraph G states that in Benyus' opinion, the most advanced use of biomimicry, occurs when a business begins to view itself as an organism in an economic environment. It establishes symbiotic links with other species and must use sparingly the few nutrients available. Thus, option C is the right answer.

Natural chemicals developed based on seaweed known to kill bacteria

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: Researchers for the Australian company Bio signal, for instance, observed a seaweed that lives in an environment teeming with microbes.
Keyword: seaweed, bacteria
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, 7th Line
Explanation: The line 7 of paragraph F explains that the observing how other organisms respond to dangerous microorganisms can be enlightening. For instance, researchers for the Australian business Bio signal discovered a type of seaweed that thrives in a microbially rich environment. To discover how it managed to avoid the same kinds of bacterial colonies, known as biofilms, that lead to plaque on our teeth and blocks the drains of our bathroom. Thus, option B is an appropriate choice for the answer.

Questions 7-14:
Do the following Statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In boxes 7-14 in your answer sheet, write

YES, if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO, if the information provided is contradictory to the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN, if there is no information to corroborate with the views of the writer

Biomimicry is a totally new concept that has been unveiled recently

Answer: NO
Supporting Sentence: And while biomimicry is not a new concept (Leonardo da Vinci looked to nature to design his flying machines, for example, and pharmaceutical companies have long been miming plant organisms in synthetic drugs).
Keyword: new, concept, Biomimicry
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, 3rd & 4th line
Explanation: The third and fourth line of paragraph A suggests that Leornado Da Vinci was very progressive at the time of Renaissance, and he used the method of Biomimicry, which is an older concept, for the purpose of developing his flying machines. Therefore, the above statement is an incorrect one.

Leonardo da Vinci has been the first designer to mimic nature

Answer: NOT GIVEN
Supporting Sentence: Leonardo da Vinci looked to nature to design his flying machines
Keyword: Leonardo
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, 2th line
Explanation: No pertinent data in accordance with the above statement is given in the passage.

Scientists believe it involves more than mimicking the shape to capture the design in nature

Answer: YES
Supporting Sentence: Shapes in nature are extremely simple once you understand them, but to understand what geometries are at play, and to adapt them, is a very complex process.
Keyword: shape, nature
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, 4th line
Explanation: The line number 4 of paragraph B suggests that although the nature’s shapes are very easier to understand, but the hardest procedure is to understand the geometries included in the nature. Thus, the above statement is a correct one.

We can save the utilisation of energy by up to 40% if we take advantage of current findings

Answer: YES
Supporting Sentence: “What we’re finding already with the tools and methodology we have right now is that we can reduce energy consumption by between 30 and 40 percent.”
Keyword: 40 percent, energy
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, 11th line
Explanation: The line 11 of paragraph B explains that we can reduce energy use by between 30 and 40% using the tools and methodology we now have, according on what we've previously discovered. Thus, the above statement is correct one.

Daimler Chrysler’s prototype car modelled on a coral reef fish is a best seller

Answer: NOT GIVEN
Explanation: No relevenat information regarding the above statement is given in the passage.

Some great Companies and Communities themselves are seeking solutions beyond their own industrial scope.

Answer: YES
Supporting Sentence: Companies and communities are flocking to Janine Benyus, author of the landmark book Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature (Perennial, 2002). the cofounder of the Biomimicry Guild, which seats biologists at the table with researchers and designers at companies such as Nike, Interface carpets, Novell, and Procter & Gamble.
Keyword: Companies and Communities, industrial, solutions
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, 1st & 5th Line
Explanation: The first and fifth line of paragraph D states that Janine Benyus, author of the seminal book Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature, is attracting a swarm of businesses and communities, Perennial, 2002, the co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild, which places biologists at the same table as researchers and designers at businesses like Novell, Procter & Gamble, Interface Carpets, Nike, etc. Thus, the provided statement is incorrect.

The British paint company Sto didn’t make the microstructure of the lotus leaf applicable

Answer: NO
Supporting Sentence: The microstructure of the lotus leaf, for example, causes raindrops to bead and run off immediately.While self-cleaning and drying its surface—a discovery that the British paint company Sto has exploited in a line of building paints.
Keyword: British paint Company Sto, microstructure, lotus leaf
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, 5th & 7th Line
Explanation: The fifth and seventh line of paragraph E explaining to us that for instance, the lotus leaf's microstructure makes raindrops bead and rapidly flow off. The British paint manufacturer Sto has taken advantage of this discovery in a line of building paints, which also self-cleans and dries its surface. Thus, the above sentence in not correct.

A Canadian beer company increased the production by applying ZERI principles

Answer: NO
Supporting Sentence: Storm Brewing in Newfoundland, Canada—in one of a growing number of projects around the world applying ZERI principles. It is using spent grains, a by-product of the beer-making process, to make bread and grow mushrooms.
Keyword: Canada, beer-making, ZERI principles
Keyword Location: Paragraph H, 4th, 5th & 6th line
Explanation: The fourth, fifth and sixth line of paragraph H that one of the several initiatives using ZERI ideas throughout the world is Storm Brewing in Canada's Newfoundland. It is growing mushrooms and producing bread with discarded grains, a by-product of the brewing process. Thus, the above statement is incorrect.

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