Marked By Four Stages IELTS Reading Answers

Sep 3, 2023

Marked By Four Stages IELTS Reading Answers is a topic of the IELTS academic reading topic which includes 13 questions. The specified IELTS topic generates 2 types of questions: True/ False/ Not Given, and Fill in the Blanks. Candidates should read the IELTS Reading passage thoroughly in order to recognize synonyms, identify keywords, and answer the questions below. Candidates can further enhance their reading skills by going through IELTS reading practice papers available on the website. Candidates can use IELTS reading topics like Marked By Four Stages IELTS Reading Answers to enhance their performance in the reading section.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Marked By Four Stages

Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking.
Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own' (Weaver, 1993).
For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and they seek out resources and support for themselves.
Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.
Price also comments that Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealize the idea of eating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.
Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.
Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn.
With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.
Kohls (1996) describes culture shock as a process of change marked by four basic stages. During the first stage, the new arrival is excited to be in a new place, so this is often referred to as the "honeymoon" stage. Like a tourist, they are intrigued by all the new sights and sounds, new smells and tastes of their surroundings
They may have some problems, but usually, they accept them as just part of the novelty. At this point, it is the similarities that stand out, and it seems to the newcomer that people everywhere and their way of life are very much alike. This period of euphoria may last from a couple of weeks to a month, but the letdown is inevitable.

During the second stage, known as the 'rejection' stage, the newcomer starts to experience difficulties due to differences between the new culture and the way they were accustomed to living. The initial enthusiasm turns into irritation, frustration, anger and depression, and these feelings may have the effect of people rejecting the new culture so that they notice only the things that cause them trouble, which they then complain about. In addition, they may feel homesick, bored, withdrawn and irritable during this period as well.

Fortunately, most people gradually learn to adapt to the new culture and move on to the third stage, known as 'adjustment and reorientation'. During this stage, a transition occurs to a new optimistic attitude. As the newcomer begins to understand more of the new culture, they are able to interpret some of the subtle cultural clues which passed by unnoticed earlier. Now things make more sense and the culture seems more familiar. As a result, they begin to develop problem-solving skills, and feelings of disorientation and anxiety no longer affect them.

In Kohls's model, in the fourth stage, newcomers undergo a process of adaptation. They have settled into the new culture, and this results in a feeling of direction and self-confidence. They have accepted the new food, drinks, habits and customs and may even find themselves enjoying some of the very customs that bothered them so much previously. In addition, they realize that the new culture has good and bad things to offer and that no way is really better than another, just different.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation
Questions 1 - 6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
TRUE: if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE: if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN: if there is no information on this

Question 1: Australian teachers will suggest alternatives to students rather than offer one solution.

Answer: True
Supporting statement: “...a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options …”
Keywords: teacher, course tutor, students, number of option
Keyword Location: para 3, line 3
Explanation: According to the writer, the teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances.

Question 2: In Australia, teachers will show interest in students' personal circumstances.

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: No relevant information has been provided in the passage in order to support the said statement. Therefore, we can clearly conclude the statement as an invalid one.

Question 3: Australians use people's first names so that everyone feels their status is similar.

Answer: True
Supporting statement: “...An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names.…”
Keywords: illustration, Australians, call, first, names
Keyword Location: para 5, line 2
Explanation: According to the writer, Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealize the idea of eating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names.

Question 4: Students who study all the time may receive positive comments from their colleagues

Answer: False
Supporting statement: “...some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study…”
Keywords: students, critical, perceive, ding, nothing, study
Keyword Location: para 6, line 2
Explanation: According to the writer, Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.

Question 5: It is acceptable to discuss financial issues with people you do not know well.

Answer: False
Supporting statement: “...people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established…”
Keywords: volunteer, such information, resent, someone, friendship, firmly, established
Keyword Location: para 7, line 2
Explanation: According to the writer, Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established.

Question 6: Younger Australians tend to be friendlier than older Australians.

Questions 7 - 13

Complete the table below:
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
THE STAGES OF CULTURE SHOCK

	Name	Newcomer’s reaction to problems
Stage 1	7 …..	They notice the 8 ….. between different nationalities and cultures. They may experience this stage for up to 9 …..
Stage 2	Rejection	They reject the new culture and lose the 10 ….. they had at the beginning.
Stage 3	Adjustment and Reorientation	They can understand some 11 ….. which they had not previously observed. They learn 12 …..for dealing with difficulties.
Stage 4	13 …..	They enjoy some of the customs that annoyed them before

Question 7:

Answer: Honeymoon
Supporting statement: “...during the first stage, the new arrival is excited to be in a new place, so this is often referred to as the "honeymoon" stage…”
Keywords: first stage, new, arrival, excited, new place, honeymoon
Keyword Location: para 9, line 2
Explanation: According to the writer, during the first stage, the new arrival is excited to be in a new place, so this is often referred to as the "honeymoon" stage.

Question 8:

Answer: Similarities
Supporting statement: “...it is the similarities that stand out, and it seems to the newcomer that people everywhere and their way of life are very much alike…”
Keywords: similarities, stand out, newcomer, people, everywhere, life, alike
Keyword Location: para 10, line 2
Explanation: According to the writer, it is the similarities that stand out, and it seems to the newcomer that people everywhere and their way of life are very much alike.

Question 9:

Answer: A Month
Supporting statement: “...the period of euphoria may last from a couple of weeks to a month…”
Keywords: period, euphoria, couple of weeks, a month, letdown, inevitable
Keyword Location: para 10, line 3
Explanation: According to the writer, the period of euphoria may last from a couple of weeks to a month, but the letdown is inevitable.

Question 10:

Answer: Enthusiasm
Supporting statement: “...The initial enthusiasm turns into irritation, frustration, anger and depression, and these feelings…”
Keywords: initial, enthusiasm, irritation, frustration, anger, depression
Keyword Location: para 11, line 2
Explanation: According to the writer, the newcomer starts to experience difficulties due to differences between the new culture and the way they were accustomed to living. The initial enthusiasm turns into irritation, frustration, anger and depression, and these feelings may have the effect of people rejecting the new culture

Question 11:

Answer: Cultural Clues
Supporting statement: “...newcomers begin to understand more of the new culture, they are able to interpret some of the subtle cultural clues which passed by unnoticed earlier…”
Keywords: newcomers, understand, new culture, interpret, subtle, cultural clues, unnoticed
Keyword Location: para 12, line 2
Explanation: According to the writer, during this stage, a transition occurs to a new optimistic attitude. As the newcomer begins to understand more of the new culture, they are able to interpret some of the subtle cultural clues which passed by unnoticed earlier.

Question 12:

Answer: Problem Solving Skills
Supporting statement: “...they begin to develop problem-solving skills, and feelings of disorientation and anxiety no longer affect them…”
Keywords: develop, problem-solving skills, feelings, disorientation, anxiety
Keyword Location: para 12, line 5
Explanation: According to the writer, they begin to develop problem-solving skills, and feelings of disorientation and anxiety no longer affect them

Question 13:

Answer: Adaptation
Supporting statement: “...in the fourth stage, newcomers undergo a process of adaptation…”
Keywords: fourth stage, newcomers, process, adaption
Keyword Location: para 13, line 1
Explanation: According to the writer, in Kohls's model, in the fourth stage, newcomers undergo a process of adaptation. They have settled into the new culture, and this results in a feeling of direction and self-confidence.