Looking in The Telescope Reading Answers
Looking in The Telescope Reading Answers 13 questions that have to be answered in 20 minutes. E-training Reading Answers comprises three types of questions, namely- sentence completion, choosing the correct option, and matching the paragraph. For sentence completion, candidates need to skim the passage for keywords, understand the concept. Further answer the question appropriately. In choose the correct option, candidates are required to answer based on a given cue. They are required to choose from multiple options. For matching the paragraph, candidates need to skim the passage for keywords, understand the concept and choose the appropriate answer. Candidates must read the IELTS reading passage, identify keywords, and recognize synonyms to answer the question.
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Topic: Looking in The Telescope
Section-1
Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions
Looking In The Telescope - IELTS Reading Sample
A story is told that around 400 years ago some children were fooling around in an eye glass shop. They noticed that when they placed lenses one on top of the other, they were able to see a considerable distance. They played around with the concept for a while, experimenting with what happened when they varied the distance between the lenses. Hans Lippershey, the Dutch lens maker who eventually applied for the first telescope patent, credits children as having been his motivation for the invention of the first telescope.
The first telescopes built in the early 1600s were very primitive inventions allowing the user to see around 3-times further than the naked eye. It was not too long however, until Italian astronomer Galileo heard about the invention ‘that through use of correctly-positioned lenses, allowed people to see things a long way away’. The tools used in the manufacturing of the first refracting telescope was all Galileo needed to know and within 24 hours he had developed a better one. In fact, the process of improvements Galileo made on Lippershey’s telescope were quite dramatic. Whereas the original version had a magnification of 3, the new telescope had a magnification of around 30. Galileo achieved these extraordinary results by figuring out the combination of the positions of the lenses and also by making his own lenses which were of better quality. Although he originally thought they were stars, the better quality lenses – and some scientific analysis – enabled him to eventually use his telescopes to see the moons of Jupiter. Galileo’s refracting telescopes – so-called due to the way they handled the light that passed through them – were the standard at that time.
Some 70 years later, British scientist Isaac Newton, explored the way a prism refracts 1 white light into an array of colors. He recognised that a lens was a circular prism and that the separation of colors limited the effectiveness of the telescopes in use at the time. Newton created a Reflective Telescope, one that used a dish-shaped or parabolic mirror to collect light and concentrate the image before it was visible in the eyepiece. Thus, lenses used for magnification in telescopes were replaced by mirrors. Mirrors have since been the standard for telescopes. In fact, according to telescope researcher Dr. Carl Addams, the basic designs of telescopes have not changed much in the last 100 years. What has changed however, is the way technology has been used to improve them. For example, the larger telescopes in the world today are around 10 metres in diameter and the mirrors placed within them are so finely polished that even at the microscopic level there are no scratches or bumps on them at all. To achieve such a flawless surface requires a very expensive process that operates with the utmost precision.
1: The separation or change of direction of a ray of light when passed through a glass of water.
The mid 1700s, saw the discovery and production of the Achromatic telescope. This type of telescope differed from previous ones in the way it handled the different wavelengths of light. The first person who succeeded in making achromatic refracting telescopes seems to have been the Englishman, Chester Moore Hall. The telescope design used two pieces of special optical glass known as crown and flint Each side of each piece was ground and polished and then the two pieces were assembled together. Achromatic lenses bring two wavelengths – typically red and blue – into focus in the same plane. Makers of achromatic telescopes had difficulty locating disks of flint glass of suitable purity needed to construct them. In the late 1700s, prizes were offered by the French Academy of Sciences for any chemist or glass-manufacturer that could create perfect discs of optical flint glass however, no one was able to provide a large disk of suitable purity and clarity.
Currently the largest telescopes are around eight to ten metres in size. These extremely expensive and sophisticated pieces of equipment are located primarily throughout Europe and America. Dr Addams believes that the telescopes of the future will be a gigantic improvement in what is currently considered state-of-the-art. Telescopes that are 20 or 30 metres in diameter are currently being planned, and there has been a suggestion put forward by a European firm that they would like to build a 100-metre telescope. Says Addams, ‘The quality of the glass needed to build a 100 meter telescope is like building a lens the size of a football field and having the largest bump in that football field being a ten-thousandth of a human hair’. The engineering and technology required to build such a flawless reflective surface is most impressive.
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Section-2
Solution and Explanation
Questions 1 – 5:
Choose the right letter, A, B, C, or D.
Write the right letter in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
(Guide: Candidates need to answer the questions by selecting the correct answer choice from A to D)
1) According to the writer, the first telescope was
- invented by children.
- made by a lens maker.
- a reflective telescope.
- quite a complex piece of equipment.
Answer: Option- B
Supporting Sentence: the Dutch lens maker who eventually applied for the first telescope patent, credits children as having been his motivation for the invention of the first telescope
Keyword: Dutch lensmaker
Keyword location: Para A
Explanation: A isn't correct because the text says that children were joking which “Hans Lippershey, the Dutch lens maker… credits children as having been his motivation for the invention of the primary telescope”. This is often an indirect way of claiming that Hans invented the telescope. Paragraph 2 also states that Galileo “improved on Lippershey’s telescope”.
2) the author states that Galileo
- improved on the planning of the primary telescope.
- created the primary reflective telescope.
- took 24 hours to form a reflective telescope.
- allowed people to ascertain 3 times further than the primary telescope.
Answer: Option- A
Supporting Sentence: The tools used in the manufacturing of the first refracting telescope was all Galileo needed to know and within 24 hours he had developed a better one.
Keyword: manufacturing, developed a better one
Keyword location: Para B
Explanation: B & C are wrong because the telescope Galileo designed was an optical telescope. D is wrong because Galileo’s telescope allowed people to ascertain 30 times further.
3) The Galileo telescope was better than the primary telescope because it
- used mirrors instead of glass.
- was longer than the primary telescope.
- used better lens positioning and quality.
- used better quality lenses and glass.
Answer: Option- C
Supporting Sentence: Galileo achieved these extraordinary results by figuring out the combination of the positions of the lenses and also by making his own lenses which were of better quality.
Keyword: lenses, own lenses
Keyword location: Para B
Explanation: A is wrong because Galileo’s telescope didn't use mirrors, which came later. B is clearly wrong. D is wrong because although he used better quality lenses, the opposite half the rationale was due to the positioning of the lenses.
4) the author states that today large telescopes are
- 20 or 30 meters in size.
- as big as 100 meters.
- very costly items.
- nearly as good as will ever be built.
Answer: Option- C
Supporting Sentence: To achieve such a flawless surface requires a very expensive process that operates with the utmost precision.
Keyword: expensive
Keyword location: Para C
Explanation: A is wrong because it says that 20 or 30 meters “are currently being planned” in other words, they need not be built yet. B is wrong for an equivalent reason as A. D is that the opposite to what's written: “Dr. Addams believes that the telescopes of the longer term are going to be a big improvement in what's currently considered state-of-the-art.”
5) Large, powerful telescopes are difficult to create because
- designs haven't changed in nearly 100 years.
- it's difficult to locate the optical flint needed for them.
- the world needed to deal with the telescope is just overlarge.
- the lenses must be extremely reflective.
Answer: Option- D
Supporting Sentence: The engineering and technology required to build such a flawless reflective surface is most impressive
Keyword: flawless, impressive
Keyword location: Para E
Explanation: A may be a correct statement but has nothing to do with why large telescopes are difficult to create. B is additionally an accurate statement but flint isn't utilized in the development of modern telescopes. C is just false.
Questions 6 – 10:
Classify the subsequent features as belonging to
- the Achromatic telescope
- the Reflective telescope
- the optical telescope
Write the right letter A, B or C, in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet.
(Guide: Candidates need to write the answers by selecting the options from A to C)
6) the primary telescopes made.
Answer: Option- C
Supporting Sentence: The first telescopes built in the early 1600s were very primitive inventions allowing the user to see around 3-times further than the naked eye.
Keyword: first telescopes, primitive invention, naked eye
Keyword location: Para B
Explanation: The tools utilized in the manufacturing of the primary optical telescope was all Galileo got to know and within 24 hours he had developed a far better one. In fact, the method of improvements Galileo made on Lippershey’s telescope was quite dramatic.
7) Uses a series of lenses one on top of the opposite.
Answer: Option- C
Supporting Sentence: They noticed that when they placed lenses one on top of the other, they were able to see a considerable distance.
Keyword: placed lenses on top of the other
Keyword location: Para A
Explanation: Paragraph 1 talks about the refracting telescope: ‘They noticed that once they placed lenses one on top of the opposite, they were ready to see a substantial distance.’
8) Highly polished lenses.
Answer: Option- A
Supporting Sentence: The telescope design used two pieces of special optical glass known as crown and flint Each side of each piece was ground and polished and then the two pieces were assembled together.
Keyword: polished
Keyword location: Para D
Explanation: The 4th paragraph: ‘The telescope design used two pieces of special glass referred to as crown and optical flint. all sides of every piece were ground and polished, then the 2 pieces were assembled together.’
9) First use of mirrors to gather light.
Answer: Option- B
Supporting Sentence: Newton created a Reflective Telescope, one that used a dish-shaped or parabolic mirror to collect light and concentrate the image before it was visible in the eyepiece.
Keyword: collect light
Keyword location: Para C
Explanation: Talking about the Reflective telescope in paragraph 3: ‘…lenses used for magnification in telescopes were replaced by mirrors.’
10) Two pieces of glass stuck together.
Answer: Option- A
Supporting Sentence: The telescope design used two pieces of special optical glass known as crown and flint Each side of each piece was ground and polished and then the two pieces were assembled together.
Keyword: two pieces
Keyword location: Para D
Explanation: In the 4th paragraph: ‘The telescope design used two pieces of special glass referred to as crown and optical flint .’
Questions 11-13
Complete the summary below using words from the passage.
Choose
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in the blank spaces
next to 11-13 on your answer sheet.
There have been a number of changes in telescopes since they were first invented. For example, Galileo’s telescope increased magnification of the previously made telescope by a factor of 30. He did this by altering the lenses 11_______________ and also constructing lenses 12______________. Other improvements followed but the most significant step forward, and still a major factor today in telescope design, has been the inclusion of 13_______________.
Question 11
Answer: positions
Supporting Sentence: Galileo achieved these extraordinary results by figuring out the combination of the positions of the lenses and also by making his own lenses which were of better quality.
Keyword: positions
Keyword location: Para B
Explanation: The supporting sentence states how Galileo achieved the victory of figuring out a better telescope that was made by adjusting the positions of the lenses. And within a very less amount of time, a new and better version of the telescope was introduced.
Question 12
Answer: of better quality
Supporting Sentence: Galileo achieved these extraordinary results by figuring out the combination of the positions of the lenses and also by making his own lenses which were of better quality.
Keyword: of better quality
Keyword location: Para B
Explanation: It was Galileo who after hearing the invention of the telescope went ahead to make a better version of his. He made this by adjusting the positions of the lenses, and his telescope contained a magnification of thirty.
Question 13
Answer: mirrors
Supporting Sentence: Mirrors have since been the standard for telescopes.
Keyword: mirrors
Keyword location: Para C
Explanation: the supporting sentence talks about how mirrors are the base of the telescopes.
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