Genealogy Reading Answers
Genealogy Reading Answers contains 13 questions which need to be answered in 20 minutes.Genealogy Reading Answers consists of three types of questions including- True/False/Not given, Multiple choice questions and match the headings. Candidates need to skim the passage for keywords, understand the concept and answer based on the given instructions. For a one-word answer, candidates must read the IELTS reading passage, identify keywords, and recognize synonyms to answer the question
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Topic: Genealogy Reading Answers
Section-1
Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions
Genealogy IELTS Reading Sample
- Genealogy, the study of tracing family connections and relationships through history – so building a cohesive family tree, has become an increasingly popular hobby from non-specialist enthusiasts over recent decades. The introduction of the Internet has, in many ways, spurred interest levels since historical information has been made far more accessible than previously. Experts warn, however, that sources obtained from the internet must be considered with caution as they may often contain inaccuracies, often advising novice genealogists to join a family history society where they are able to learn useful skills from experienced researchers.
- Originally, prior to developing a more mainstream following, the practice of genealogy focused on establishing the ancestral links of rulers and noblemen often with the purpose of disputing or confirming the legitimacy of inherited rights to wealth or position. More recently, genealogists are often interested in not only where and when previous generations of families lived but also details of their lifestyle and motivations, interpreting the effects of law, political restrictions, immigration and the social conditions on an individual’s or family’s behaviour at the given time. Genealogy searches may also result in location of living relatives and consequently family reunions, in some cases helping to reunite family members who had been separated in the past due to fostering/adoptlon, migration or war.
- In Australia, there has been a great deal of interest of late, from families wishing to trace their links to the early settlers. As a result of the loss of the American colonies in the 1700s, Britain was in need of an alternative destination for prisoners who could not be accommodated in the country’s overcrowded penal facilities. In 1787, the ‘First Fleet’ which consisted of a flotilla of ships carrying just over 1300 people (of which 753 were convicts or their children and the remainder marines, officers and their family members) left Britain’s shores for Australia. On January 26, 1788 – now celebrated as Australia Day – the fleet landed at Sydney Cove and the first steps to European settlement began.
- Genealogy research has led to a shift in attitudes towards convict heritage amongst contemporary Australian society, as family members have been able to establish that their ancestors were, in fact, not hardened and dangerous criminals, but had, in most cases, been harshly punished for minor crimes inspired by desperation and dire economic circumstances. So dramatic has the shift in attitudes been that having family connections to passengers on the ‘First Fleet’ is considered nothing less than prestigious. Convicts Margaret Dawson and Elizabeth Thakery were amongst the first European women to ever set foot on Australian soil. Details about the former, whose initial death sentence passed for stealing clothes from her employer was commuted to deportation, and the latter expelled for stealing handkerchiefs along with others of similar fate are now available on the internet for eager descendants to track.
- Although many of the deported convicts were forbidden to return to Britain, others such as Dawson, were, in theory, expelled for a given term. In reality, however, the costs of attempting to return to the mother country were well beyond the means of the majority. Genealogists now attribute the successful early development of Australia to such ex-convicts who decided to contribute fully to society once their sentence had been served. Many rewards were available to prisoners who displayed exemplary behaviour, including land grants of 30 acres or more, tools for developing and farming the land and access to convict labour. Genealogy studies also show that many former prisoners went on to hold powerful positions in the newly forming Australia society, examples being Francis Greenway – a British architect expelled on conviction of fraud – who went on to design many of Sydney’s most prominent colonial buildings, and Alexander Munro, transported after stealing cheese at the age of 15, who would later build Australia’s first gas works and hold the position of Town Mayor.
- In North America, the Mormon Church, headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, holds wo major genealogical databases, the International Genealogical Index and the Ancestral File, which contain records of hundreds of million individuals who lived between 1500 and 1900 in the United States, Canada and Europe. Resources available to genealogy enthusiasts include the Salt Lake City based Family History Library and more than 4000 branches where microfilms and microfiches can be rented for research and the newer Family Search internet site which provides open access to numerous databases and research sources. Such data sharing practices are central and crucial to genealogical research and the internet has proven to be a major tool in facilitating ease of transfer of information in formats suitable for use in forums and via email. The global level of interest in and demand for such information has proven so intense, that traffic load on release of sources such as Family Search and the British Census for 1901 led to temporary collapse of the host servers.
- Experts advise that reliability of sources used for genealogical research should be evaluated in light of four factors which may influence their accuracy, these being the knowledge of the informant, the bias and mental state of the informant, the passage of time and potential for compilation error. First, genealogists should consider who the information was provided by and what he or she could be ascertained to have known. For example, a census record alone is considered unreliable as no named source for the information is likely to be found. A death certificate signed by an identified doctor, however, can be accepted as more reliable. In the case of bias or mental state, researchers are advised to consider that even when information is given by what could be considered a reliable source, that there may have been motivation to be untruthful – continuing to claim a government benefit or avoidance of taxation, for example.
- Generally, data recorded at the same time or close to the event being researched is considered to be more reliable than records written at a later point in time, as – while individuals may intend to give a true representation of events – factual information may be misrepresented due to lapses in memory and forgotten details. Finally, sources may be classified as either original or derivative. The latter refers to photocopies, transcriptions, abstracts, translations, extractions, and compilations and has more room for error due to possible misinterpretations, typing errors or loss of additional and crucial parts of the original documentation.
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Section 2
Solution With Explanation
Questions 1 – 5
Reading Passage has eight paragraphs A-H.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D-G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i to ix in boxes 1 – 5 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
- An Embarrassing Heritage
- Assessing Validity
- Diversity of Application
- Interpretation Errors
- Past Usage
- Useful Sources
- Australasian Importance
- Changing Viewpoints
- Significant Roles
Example: Paragraph C; Answer: vii
1) Paragraph B
2) Paragraph D
3) Paragraph E
4) Paragraph F
5) Paragraph G
(Guide: Candidates need to read the passage, then match the options i to ix with the correct paragraph marked from 1 to 5.)
Question: 1
Supporting Sentences: “Originally, prior to developing a more mainstream following, the practice of genealogy focused on establishing the ancestral links of rulers and noblemen often with the purpose of disputing or confirming the legitimacy of inherited rights to wealth or position”
“Where and when previous generations of families lived”
“details of their lifestyle and motivations, interpreting the effects of law, political restrictions, immigration and the social conditions on an individual’s or family’s behaviour at the given time.”
“location of living relatives and consequently family reunions”
Keywords: Ancestral link, previous generation lived, lifestyle and motivation, social condition, location, family reunion
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, Lines 1-3
Explanation: This paragraph explains how earlier, genealogy was a tool for establishing ancestral links for right to legitimacy and wealth. This query has broadened and now also includes questions of where the past generations live, how they lived, what the society of the time was like etc. There is also the added benefit of reuniting family members dispersed due to adoption or war.
Question: 2
Answer: viii- Changing Viewpoints
Supporting Sentences: “Genealogy research has led to a shift in attitudes towards convict heritage amongst contemporary Australian society”
Keywords: shift in attitude, not criminals, circumstances
Keyword Location: Paragraph D Lines 1-2
Explanation: Initially, it was believed by contemporary Australians that their ancestors were dangerous criminals and that was why they were shipped to Australia. However, it later came to light that this was not the case and that the crimes were in fact petty, like stealing clothes, which were given the death sentence but later changed to deportation. Moreover, if their ancestors were part of the First Fleet, it meant they had family connections that saved their heads.
Question: 3
Answer: ix- Significant Roles
Supporting Sentences: “Genealogists now attribute the successful early development of Australia to such ex-convicts who decided to contribute fully to society once their sentence had been served”
Keywords: early development, contribute, developing, powerful positions, design, build
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Lines 3-5
Explanation: Here, the contributions of early settlers who were ex-convicts in Britain are given. Good behaviour resulted in rewards and some of the former prisoners pioneered the growth of early Australian society in the form of architects and mayors.
Question: 4
Answer: vi- Useful Sources
Supporting Sentences: “major genealogical databases, the International Genealogical Index and the Ancestral File, which contain records of hundreds of million individuals who lived between 1500 and 1900 in the United States, Canada and Europe”
“Resources available to genealogy enthusiasts include the Salt Lake City based Family History Library and more than 4000 branches where microfilms and microfiches can be rented for research and the newer Family Search internet site which provides open access to numerous databases and research sources”
Keywords: genealogical database,Ancestral File, International genealogical index, records, Family History Library, Family Search internet site
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, Lines 1-3
Explanation: This paragraph articulates on different sources that hold genealogical records such as Ancestral File, International genealogical Index and Family search site
Question: 5
Answer: ii- Assessing Validity
Supporting Sentences: “Experts advise that reliability of sources used for genealogical research should be evaluated in light of four factors which may influence their accuracy, these being the knowledge of the informant, the bias and mental state of the informant, the passage of time and potential for compilation error”
Keywords: reliability, accuracy, knowledge, bias, time, compilation error
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, Line 1
Explanation: A source can be deemed reliable or not owing to a number of factors such as who presents the information, their bias, time, and probability of there being error.
Questions 6 – 9
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
In boxes 6 – 9 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6) Early applications of genealogy focused on behaviour, movement and settlement of populations.
7) The punishment of deportation was reserved for those who posed a serious threat to British society.
8) Some ex-convicts chose to stay in Australia due to the opportunities it presented.
9) Overwhelming interest in obtaining genealogical information has led to technological difficulties.
(Guide: Candidates need to read the passage, and mark the statements true or false or not given. )
Question: 6 Early applications of genealogy focused on behaviour, movement and settlement of populations.
Answer: False
Supporting Sentences: “Originally, prior to developing a more mainstream following, the practice of genealogy focused on establishing the ancestral links of rulers and noblemen often with the purpose of disputing or confirming the legitimacy of inherited rights to wealth or position”
Keywords: Prior, ancestral link, confirming legitimacy
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, Line 1
Explanation: It is stated that the earlier applications of genealogy dealt with confirming legitimacy so as to settle disputes around money and position.
Question: 7 The punishment of deportation was reserved for those who posed a serious threat to British society.
Answer: False
Supporting Sentences: “family members have been able to establish that their ancestors were, in fact, not hardened and dangerous criminals, but had, in most cases, been harshly punished for minor crimes inspired by desperation and dire economic circumstances”
Keywords: harshly punished, minor crimes, desperation, economic circumstance
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, Line 1
Explanation: Being deported to Australia did not mean that they were dangerous criminals who committed heinous crimes, rather petty crimes such as theft also resulted in being shipped off to Australia.
Question: 8 Some ex-convicts chose to stay in Australia due to the opportunities it presented.
Answer: Not Given
Supporting Sentences: “Although many of the deported convicts were forbidden to return to Britain, others such as Dawson, were, in theory, expelled for a given term. In reality, however, the costs of attempting to return to the mother country were well beyond the means of the majority”
Keywords: forbidden, expelled, in reality, cost, beyond the means
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Line 1-2
Explanation: It is explained that the majority of the convicts stayed behind due to having no means of return. This however does not explain if they were given new opportunities due to which they preferred staying over leaving.
Question: 9 Overwhelming interest in obtaining genealogical information has led to technological difficulties.
Answer: True
Supporting Sentences: “The global level of interest in and demand for such information has proven so intense, that traffic load on release of sources such as Family Search and the British Census for 1901 led to temporary collapse of the host servers.”
Keywords: interest, demand, intense, traffic load, collapse, host servers
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, Line 4
Explanation: The interest in genealogical information is high on a global scale which leads to high traffic on such websites which eventually leads to the crash of host servers.
Question 10. Why has recreational genealogy become more popular?
- Because it is now a fashionable hobby.
- Because more people wish to trace missing relatives.
- Because there are less political barriers.
- Because it is no longer requires so much effort.
Answer: D- Because it no longer requires so much effort.
Supporting Sentences: “The introduction of the Internet has, in many ways, spurred interest levels since historical information has been made far more accessible than previously”
Keywords: more accessible
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, Line 2
Explanation: The internet has increased the accessibility to information making it effortless and easier for users to look into their ancestry.
Question 11. Whose original sentence for breaking the law was reduced?
- Francis Greenway.
- Margaret Dawson.
- Alexander Munro.
- Elizabeth Thakery.
Answer: B- Margaret Dawson
Supporting Sentences: “Convicts Margaret Dawson and Elizabeth Thakery were amongst the first European women to ever set foot on Australian soil. Details about the former, whose initial death sentence passed for stealing clothes from her employer was commuted to deportation”
Keywords: initial death sentence, commuted to deportation
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, Line 3-4
Explanation: Margaret Dawson was at first given the death sentence for stealing clothes. This was changed to deportation to Australia.
Question 12. What is fundamental to genealogical research?
- Original records.
- Electronic transfer.
- Pooling of information.
- The IG Index.
Answer: C- Pooling of information
Supporting Sentences: “Such data sharing practices are central and crucial to genealogical research and the internet has proven to be a major tool in facilitating ease of transfer of information in formats suitable for use in forums and via email”
Keywords: data sharing, crucial, major tool
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, Line 3
Explanation: Pooling or collection of information requires sharing. And sharing is a decisive part of genealogical research as it makes flow of information easier.
Question 13. Why does census information need to be approached with caution?
- Because it cannot easily be attributed to a particular individual.
- Because it is often not validated by a physician.
- Because administration practices in the past were unreliable.
- Because informants may not have been truthful due to financial motivations.
Answer: A-Because it cannot easily be attributed to a particular individual
Supporting Sentences: “For example, a census record alone is considered unreliable as no named source for the information is likely to be found”
Keywords: unreliable, no name source
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, Line 3
Explanation: A census report cannot be traced back to a single individual, hence it is not wholly reliable source of information.
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