Fear of Death IELTS Reading Answers

Sep 26, 2023

Fear of Death IELTS Reading Answers IELTS Reading Answers is a topic of academic reading topic which includes 14 questions. The specified 'While it may not be possible to' IELTS Reading Answers topic generates 3 types of questions: identification of paragraph, choose the correct option, and complete the paragraph types of questions. Candidates should read the IELTS Reading passage thoroughly in order to recognize synonyms, identify keywords, and answer the questions below. Candidates can further enhance their reading skills by going through IELTS reading practice papers available on the website. Candidates can use IELTS reading topics like While it may not be possible to IELTS Reading Answers to enhance their performance in the reading section.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

FEAR OF DEATH

A
While it may not be possible to completely age proof our brains, a brave new world of anti-aging research shows that our gray matter may be far more flexible than we thought. So no one, no matter how old, has to lose their mind. The brain has often been called the three-pound universe. It's our most powerful and mysterious organ, the seat of the self, laced with as many billions of neurons as the galaxy has stars. No wonder the mere notion of an aging, failing brain - and the prospect of memory loss, confusion, and the unraveling of our personality is so terrifying.

As Mark Williams, M.D., author of The American Geriatrics Society's Complete Guide to Aging and Health, says, "The fear of dementia is stronger than the fear of death itself." Yet the degeneration of the brain is far from inevitable. "Its design features are such that it should continue to function for a lifetime," says Zaven Khachaturian, Ph. D., director of the Alzheimer's Association's Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute. "There's no reason to expect it to deteriorate with age, even though many of us are living longer lives." In fact, scientists' view of the brain's potential is rapidly changing, according to Stanford University neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky, Ph.D.

"Thirty-five years ago we thought Alzheimer's disease was a dramatic version of normal aging. Now we realize it's a disease with a distinct pathology. In fact, some people simply don't experience any mental decline, so we've begun to study them." Antonio Damasio, M.D., Ph.D., head of the Department of Neurology at the University of Iowa and author of Descartes' Error, concurs. "Older people can continue to have extremely rich and healthy mental lives."

B
The seniors were tested in 1988 and again in 1991. Four factors were found to be related to their mental fitness: levels of education and physical activity, lung function, and feelings of self-efficacy. "Each of these elements alters the way our brain functions," says Marilyn Albert, Ph.D., of Harvard Medical School, and colleagues from Yale, Duke, and Brandeis Universities and the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, who hypothesizes that regular exercise may actually stimulate blood flow to the brain and nerve growth, both of which create more densely branched neurons, rendering the neurons stronger and better able to resist disease. Moderate aerobic exercise, including long brisk walks and frequently climbing stairs, will accomplish this.

C
Education also seems to enhance brain function. People who have challenged themselves with at least a college education may actually stimulate the neurons in their brains. Moreover, native intelligence may protect our brains. It's possible that smart people begin life with a greater number of neurons, and therefore have a greater reserve to fall back on if some begin to fail. "If you have a lot of neurons and keep them busy, you may be able to tolerate more damage to your brain before it shows," says Peter Davies, M.D., of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York.

Early linguistic ability also seems to help our brains later in life. A recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine looked at 93 elderly nuns and examined the autobiographies they had written 60 years earlier, just as they were joining a convent. The nuns whose essays were complex and dense with ideas remained sharp into their eighties and nineties.

D
Finally, personality seems to play an important role in protecting our mental prowess. A sense of self-efficacy may protect our brain, buffeting it from the harmful effects of stress. According to Albert, there's evidence that elevated levels of stress hormones may harm brain cells and cause the hippocampus - a small seahorse-shaped organ that's a crucial moderator of memory - to atrophy. A sense that we can effectively chart our own course in the world may retard the release of stress hormones and protect us as we age. "It's not a matter of whether you experience stress or not,"

Albert concludes, "it's your attitude toward it." Reducing stress by meditating on a regular basis may buffer the brain as well. It also increases the activity of the brain's pineal gland, the source of the antioxidant hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep and may retard the aging process. Studies at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center and the University of Western

Ontario found that people who meditated regularly had higher levels of melatonin than those who took 5-milligram supplements. Another study, conducted jointly by Maharishi International University, Harvard University, and the University of Maryland, found that seniors who meditated for three months experienced dramatic improvements in their psychological well-being, compared to their non-meditative peers.

E
Animal studies confirm that both mental and physical activity boost brain fitness. At the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology in Urbana, Illinois, psychologist William Greenough, Ph.D., let some rats play with profusion toys. These ents developed about 25 percent more connections between their neurons than did rats that didn't get any mentally stimulating recreation. In addition, rats that exercised on a treadmill developed more capillaries in specific parts of their brains than did their sedentary counterparts. This increased the god flow to their brains. "Clearly the message is to do as many different flyings as possible," Greenough says.

It's not just scientists who are catching the antiaging fever. Walk into any health food store, and you'll find nutritional formulas - with names like Brainstorm and Smart ALEC that claim to sharpen mental ability. The book Smart Drugs & Nutrients, by Ward Dean, M.D., and John Morgenthaler, was self-published in 1990 and has sold over 120,000 copies worldwide.

It has also spawned an underground network of people tweaking their own brain chemistry with nutrients and drugs - the latter sometimes obtained from Europe and Mexico. Sales of ginkgo - an extract from the leaves of the 200 million - year - old ginkgo tree, which has been shown in published studies to increase oxygen in the brain and ameliorate symptoms of Alzheimer's disease - are up by 22 percent in the last six months alone, according to Paddy Spence, president of SPINS, a San Francisco-based market research firm.

Indeed, products that increase and preserve mental performance are a small but emerging segment of the supplements industry, says Linda Gilbert, president of HealthFocus, a company that researches consumer health trends. While neuroscientists like Khachaturian liken the use of these products to the superstition of tossing salt over your shoulder, the public is nevertheless cobbling up nutrients that promise cognitive enhancement.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation
Questions 28-31
Choose the FOUR correct letters among A-G
Write your answers in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.

Which of the FOUR situations or conditions assisting the Brains' function?

A Preventive treatment against Alzheimer's disease
B Doing active aerobic exercise and frequently climbing stairs
C High levels of education
D Early verbal or language competency training
E Having more supplements such as ginkgo tree
F Participate in a more physical activity involving in stimulating tasks
G Personality and feelings of self-fulfillment

Question 28:

Answer: C
Supporting statement: “...Education also seems to enhance brain function…”
Keywords: Education, enhance, brain, function
Keyword Location: para C, line 1
Explanation: According to the writer, Education seems to enhance brain function. People who have challenged themselves with at least a college education may actually stimulate the neurons in their brains. Moreover, native intelligence may protect our brains

Question 29:

Answer: D
Supporting statement: “...Early linguistic ability also seems to help our brains later in life. A recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine…”
Keywords: Early, linguistic, ability, brains, life, New England Journal of Medicine
Keyword Location: para C, line 6
Explanation: According to the writer, early linguistic ability also seems to help our brains later in life. A recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine looked at 93 elderly nuns and examined the autobiographies they had written 60 years earlier, just as they were joining a convent.

Question 30:

Answer: F
Supporting statement: “...regular exercise may actually stimulate blood flow to the brain and nerve growth, both of which create more densely branched neurons…”
Keywords: regular exercise, stimulate, blood flow, brain, nerve growth, densely branched neurons, resist, disease
Keyword Location: para D, line 1
Explanation: According to the writer, regular exercise may actually stimulate blood flow to the brain and nerve growth, both of which create more densely branched neurons, rendering the neurons stronger and better able to resist disease.

Question 31:

Answer: G
Supporting statement: “...Animal studies confirm that both mental and physical activity boost brain fitness…”
Keywords: Animal studies, mental, physical, activity, boost, brain, fitness
Keyword Location: para E, line 1
Explanation: According to the writer, Animal studies confirm that both mental and physical activity boost brain fitness. At the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology in Urbana, Illinois, psychologist William Greenough, Ph.D., let some rats play with profusion toys.

Questions 32-39

Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-G) with opinions or deeds below.
Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 3239 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once

Zaven Khachaturian
William Greenough
Marilyn Albert
Robert Sapolsky
Linda Gilbert
Peter Davies
Paddy Spence

Question 32: Alzheimer's was probably a kind of disease rather than a normal aging process.

Answer: D
Supporting statement: “...There's no reason to expect it to deteriorate with age, even though many of us are living longer lives…”
Keywords: deteriorate, age, living longer lives, brain's potential, Stanford University, neuroscientist, Robert Sapolsky, Ph.D
Keyword Location: para A, line 9
Explanation: According to the writer, there's no reason to expect it to deteriorate with age, even though many of us are living longer lives." In fact, scientists' view of the brain's potential is rapidly changing, according to Stanford University neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky, Ph.D.

Question 33: Keeping neurons busy, people may be able to endure more harm to your brain

Answer: F
Supporting statement: “...If you have a lot of neurons and keep them busy, you may be able to tolerate more damage to your brain before it shows"…”
Keywords: neurons, busy, tolerate, more damage, brain
Keyword Location: para C, line 4
Explanation: According to the Peter Davies, M.D., of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York, if you have a lot of neurons and keep them busy, you may be able to tolerate more damage to your brain before it shows".

Question 34: Regular exercises boost blood flow to the brain and increase anti-disease disability.

Answer: C
Supporting statement: “...regular exercise may actually stimulate blood flow to the brain and nerve growth, both of which create more densely branched neurons…”
Keywords: regular exercise, stimulate, blood flow, brain, nerve growth, densely branched neurons, resist, disease
Keyword Location: para B, line 3
Explanation: According to the writer, regular exercise may actually stimulate blood flow to the brain and nerve growth, both of which create more densely branched neurons, rendering the neurons stronger and better able to resist disease.

Question 35: Significant increase in Sales of ginkgo has been shown.

Answer: G
Supporting statement: “...Sales of ginkgo, leaves, 200 million year, old ginkgo tree, Increase, oxygen, brain…”
Keywords:
Keyword Location: para E, line 11
Explanation: According to the Paddy Spence, president of SPINS, a San Francisco-based market research firm, Sales of ginkgo - an extract from the leaves of the 200 million - year - old ginkgo tree, which has been shown in published studies to increase oxygen in the brain and ameliorate symptoms of Alzheimer's disease - are up by 22 percent in the last six months alone

Question 36: More links between their neurons are found among stimulated animals.

Answer: B
Supporting statement: “...At the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology in Urbana, Illinois, psychologist William Greenough, Ph.D., let some rats play with profusion toys…”
Keywords: Beckman, Institute, Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, psychologist, William Greenough, Ph.D., rats, profusion toys
Keyword Location: para E, line 2
Explanation: According to the psychologist William Greenough, Ph.D. at Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology in Urbana, Illinois, he let some rats play with profusion toys. These ents developed about 25 percent more connections between their neurons than did rats that didn't get any mentally stimulating recreation.

Question 37: Effectiveness of the use of brain supplements products can be of little scientific proof.

Answer: A
Supporting statement: “...products that increase and preserve mental performance are a small but emerging segment of the supplements industry…”
Keywords: products, increase, preserve, mental performance, small, emerging segment, supplements industry
Keyword Location: para E, line 12
Explanation: According to the writer, products that increase and preserve mental performance are a small but emerging segment of the supplements industry. Neuroscientists like Khachaturian liken the use of these products to the superstition of tossing salt over your shoulder, the public is nevertheless cobbling up nutrients that promise cognitive enhancement.

Question 38: Heightened levels of stress may damage brain cells and cause part of the brain to deteriorate.

Answer: C
Supporting statement: “...there's evidence that elevated levels of stress hormones may harm brain cells and cause the hippocampus…”
Keywords: Albert, evidence, elevated levels, stress hormones, harm, brain cells, hippocampus, seahorse-shaped organ, moderator of memory, atrophy
Keyword Location: para D, line 3
Explanation: According to Albert, there's evidence that elevated levels of stress hormones may harm brain cells and cause the hippocampus - a small seahorse-shaped organ that's a crucial moderator of memory - to atrophy.

Question 39: Products that upgrade and preserve mental competence are still a newly developing industry.

Answer: E
Supporting statement: “...products that increase and preserve mental performance are a small but emerging segment of the supplements industry…”
Keywords: products, increase, preserve, mental performance, small, emerging segment, supplements industry
Keyword Location: para E, line 12
Explanation: According to Linda Gilbert, president of HealthFocus, a company that researches consumer health trends, products that increase and preserve mental performance are a small but emerging segment of the supplements industry.

Question 40

Choose the correct letters among A-D
Write your answers in box 40 on your answer sheet.
According to the passage, what is the most appropriate title for this passage?

A Making our minds last a lifetime
B amazing pills of the ginkgo
C how to stay healthy in your old hood
D more able a brain and neurons

Question 40:

Answer: A
Supporting statement: “...While it may not be possible to completely age proof our brains, a brave new world of anti-aging research…”
Keywords: age proof, brains, brave, new world, anti-aging, research, gray matter, more flexible
Keyword Location: para A, line 1
Explanation: According to the writer, while it may not be possible to completely age proof our brains, a brave new world of anti-aging research shows that our gray matter may be far more flexible than we thought. So no one, no matter how old, has to lose their mind.