Designing and Shipping Reading Answers

Jan 3, 2023

Designing and Shipping Reading Answers contains passage and question answers. Designing and Shipping Reading Answers comprising 14 different types of questions. IELTS topic- Designing and Shipping Reading Answers contains three types of questions: Match the person with the correct statement, Fill in the blanks, and True/False/Not given. Designing and Shipping Reading Answers is taken from the book- The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS Student's Book. Candidates are required to read the IELTS Reading passage carefully to choose the correct answers. Furthermore, to gain proficiency on diverse topic, candidates can practise from the IELTS Reading practice papers

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Designing and Shipping Reading Answers

Almost two months after the European Union’s ban on the use of six environmentally unfriendly materials went into effect, designers have clear evidence that failure to meet the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive means lost sales. Palm Inc. recently announced that its Treo 650 smartphone is no longer being shipped to Europe since it doesn’t meet RoHS requirements. And several Apple Computer Inc. products will not be sold in Europe for the same reason.
The EU directive, which took effect on 1st July, covers lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Electronics vendors worldwide are working to eliminate those substances from nearly all new products developed for the European market, while also adapting their manufacturing processes to a lead (Pb)-free environment.
But that is only the beginning. Other countries, including China, Taiwan and South Korea, and certain U.S. states are creating their own “green” or RoHS-like legislation. That means RoHS compliance must become an integral part of a designer’s development process, with RoHS checks at each step: concept, development, prototype, first builds and volume production.
Major companies will run the gamut from finding component databases of qualified green components to taking due care to prove compliance and developing processes that allow for the higher-temperature requirements of Pb-free manufacturing. And for designers, those are just the tip of the iceberg. A host of technical and reliability issues remain to be sorted out in Pb-free board processing and soldering.
What it comes down to is what Ken Stanvick, senior vice president at Design Chain Associates, calls a lack of ‘tribal knowledge’ on design RoHS compliant systems. ‘We had great tribal knowledge when it came to dealing with leaded systems, but we haven’t built up that same amount of knowledge for Pb-free,’ he said. ‘Every problem will be blamed on Pb-free until it’s been worked out. We need to figure out tests that replicate more of the environment and different stresses that we’re going to see in this new system.’
Manny Marcano, president and CEO of EMA Design Automation Inc. (Rochester, N.Y.), cited the impact of parts obsolescence, including the need to redesign older products and the resultant emphasis on component engineering at the expense of conceptual design. A key challenge is identifying RoHS design specifications as early as possible in the design process, he said.
But even before they get to that point, designers must understand whether they are designing a fully compliant product or one that’s subject to some exemptions, said Robert Chinn, director for consultant firm PRTM (Mountain View, Calif.). ‘This affects their design parameters,’ he said. ‘Previously, they looked at components based on size, performance, electrical parameters, features and functionality. Now they have to add on a new constraint, revolving around environmental compliance: Is it RoHS 6-compliant or is it RoHS 5-compliant?’ (RoHS 6 components eliminate all six of the banned substances, while RoHS 5 models, because of exemptions, still contain lead.)
If designers do not take RoHS seriously, any country that can prove a product does not comply can levy fines against the vendor. That can cost market share, Marcano said, since noncompliant companies become noncompetitive. And then, not being prepared can mean belatedly diverting resources to RoHS compliance, causing missed market opportunities.
But many industry observers believe smaller and medium-size companies will continue to be complacent about the RoHS transition until some major company is cited for non-compliance. ‘When that happens, there will be an earthquake throughout the industry, and it will wake up every design engineer,’ said Steve Schultz, director of strategic planning and communications at Avnet Logistics and program manager for the distributor’s compliance efforts for RoHS in the Americas.
‘The product developer’s RoHS concerns center on the fear of lost revenue – from a product ban, a customer who demands a RoHS-compliant product that the company doesn’t have, or competition’, said Harvey Stone, managing director for consultancy GoodBye Chain Group (Colorado Springs, Colo.). ‘With price, quality and service being relatively equal, a savvy customer is going to choose a RoHS-compliant product,’ he said.
Meanwhile, designers are looking over their shoulders at several other – and potentially stricter – environmental regulations in the pipeline. These include the EU’s Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals legislation, which could restrict the use of thousands of chemicals, and its Energy-using Products (EuP) directive, which will initially target energy-efficiency requirements.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation
Questions 1-4:
Look at the following people and the list of statements below.
Match each person with the correct statement.
Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

List of Statements:

believes that the ED directive requires no action
claims that old products need to be redesigned
claims that customers will want a RoHS compliant product
states that many products will be RoHS exempt
is involved in planning and communications
predicts that design engineers will like RoHS
claims that more knowledge about Pb-free systems is needed

Manny Marcano

Answer: B-claims that old products need to be redesigned
Supporting sentence: Manny Marcano, president, and CEO of EMA Design Automation Inc. (Rochester, N.Y.), cited the impact of parts obsolescence, including the need to redesign older products and the resultant emphasis on component engineering at the expense of conceptual design.
Keywords: old products, redesigned
Keyword Location: Paragraph 6, 1st line
Explanation: "Many Marcano, president and CEO of EMA Design Automation Inc. (Rochester, N.Y.), ... and the resulting emphasis on component engineering," according to paragraph 6. We may deduce from the phrase "need to remodel previous items" that Manny Marcano believes that existing products must be redesigned. As a result, the right answer is "B."

Harvey Stone

Answer: C-claims that customers will want a RoHS compliant product
Supporting sentence: ‘The product developer’s RoHS concerns center on the fear of lost revenue – from a product ban, a customer who demands a RoHS-compliant product that the company doesn’t have, or competition’, said Harvey Stone, managing director for consultancy GoodBye Chain Group (Colorado Springs, Colo.).
Keyword: customer, RoHS-compliant products
Keyword Location: Paragraph 10, 1st line
Explanation: According to the last line of paragraph 10, "Harvey Stone, managing director for consultant GoodBye Chain Group, said with price, quality, and service being virtually equal, a knowledgeable client will select a RoHS-compliant product." We may derive from the phrase "consumer will pick a RoHS-compliant product" that Harvey Stone believes buyers will prefer a RoHS-compliant product. As a result, the right answer is "C."

Steve Shultz

Answer: E-is involved in planning and communications
Supporting sentence: Steve Schultz, director of strategic planning and communications at Avnet Logistics and program manager for the distributor’s compliance efforts for RoHS in the Americas.
Keywords: planning, communications
Keyword Location: Paragraph 9, last line
Explanation: According to paragraph 9, "Steve Schultz, director of strategic planning and communications ... RoH compliance activities in the Americas." It is understandable that Steve Schultz is active in communication and planning as the director of strategic communications and planning at Avent logistics. As a result, the correct answer is "E."

Ken Stanvick

Answer: G-claims that more knowledge about Pb-free systems is needed
Supporting sentence: ‘We had great tribal knowledge when it came to dealing with leaded systems, but we haven’t built up that same amount of knowledge for Pb-free,’ he said.
Keyword: more knowledge, needed
Keyword Location: Paragraph 5, 2nd line
Explanation: Ken Stanvick stated in paragraph 5 that "we had amazing tribal knowledge when ... but we haven't built up the same amount of understanding for Pb-free." So, according to Ken Stanvick's assertion, we don't know anything about the Pb-free system. As a result, additional knowledge is required. As a result, the right answer is "G."

Questions 5-11:
Complete the summary using the list of words A-P below.
Write the correct letter A-P in boxes 5 -11 on your answer sheet.

requirement
friendly
hostile
increase
big
basic
insignificant
numerous
variety
decline
solved
important
idea
small
recognized
need

The EU has banned the use of six materials that are 5._____ to the environment. This means that if designers do not meet the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive, sales will 6.______. Similar legislation is being put together around the world, which indicates that RoHS compliance needs to become a 7._____ part of a designer’s development process. RoHS checks, at every step from concept to mass production, are also a necessity. But 8.______ technical and reliability problems remain to 9.______. Previously, the performance, etc. of components were 10._______ but now a new 11._______ needs to be taken into account: environmental compliance.

Answer: C -hostile
Supporting sentence: Almost two months after the European Union’s ban on the use of six environmentally unfriendly materials went into effect, designers have clear evidence that failure to meet the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive means lost sales.
Keywords: EU, banned, six materials
Keyword Location: Paragraph 1, 1st line
Explanation: According to paragraph 1, "the European Union's restriction on the use of six ecologically harmful materials." The word 'unfriendly' means 'hostile.' It has prohibited the use of six environmentally hazardous compounds. As a result, the right answer is "G."

Answer: J-decline
Supporting sentence: The use of six environmentally unfriendly materials went into effect, designers have clear evidence that failure to meet the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive means lost sales.
Keywords: designers, do not meet, directive, sales
Keyword Location: Paragraph 1, 1st line
Explanation: In paragraph one, it is stated that "designers have clear proof that failing... (RoHS) directive results in lost sales." In this case, lost sales suggest that sales will fall. As a result, the right answer is "J."

Answer: F-basic
Supporting sentence: That means RoHS compliance must become an integral part of a designer’s development process, with RoHS checks at each step: concept, development, prototype, first builds, and volume production.
Keywords: RoHS, countries, similar directives, development plan
Keyword Location: Paragraph 3, 2nd line
Explanation: "RoHS compliance must become an intrinsic part of a designer's ... at each step," according to paragraph 3. The word vital portion refers to the most fundamental component of the designer's development process. As a result, the right answer is "F."

Answer: H-numerous
Supporting sentence: A host of technical and reliability issues remain to be sorted out in Pb-free board processing and soldering.
Keywords: technical, reliability issues
Keyword Location: paragraph 4, last line
Explanation: According to paragraph 4, "a slew of technical and reliability concerns in Pb-free board production and soldering need to be resolved." Here, the host of technical and dependability issues might be extensive. As a result, the right answer is "H."

Answer: K-solved
Supporting sentence: A host of technical and reliability issues remain to be sorted out in Pb-free board processing and soldering.
Keyword: technical, reliability issues
Keyword Location: paragraph 4, last line
Explanation: According to paragraph 4, "a slew of technical and reliability concerns in Pb-free board ... be resolved." The phrase ‘remains to be resolved' means remains to be resolved.' As a result, the right answer is "K."

10.

Answer: L-important
Supporting sentence: ‘Previously, they looked at components based on size, performance, electrical parameters, features, and functionality.
Keywords: performance, components
Keyword Location: 7th paragraph, last line
Explanation: According to paragraph 7, "before, they examined components based on size, performance, electrical characteristics, features, and functioning." They looked at these components, which indicates that they were relevant. As a result, the right answer is "L."

11.

Answer: A-requirement
Supporting sentence: ‘Previously, they looked at components based on size, performance, electrical parameters, features, and functionality. Now they have to add on a new constraint, revolving around environmental compliance: Is it RoHS 6-compliant or is it RoHS 5-compliant?’
Keywords: new needs, previously, performance, environmental, compliance
Keyword Location: 7th paragraph, last line
Explanation: The author writes in paragraph 7 that "now they have to add a new limitation, centred around environmental compliance." The phrase 'having to add a new restriction' can also refer to a new need that must be considered. As a result, the right answer is "A."

Questions 12-14:
Do the following statements agree with the information in the Reading Passage?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about the statement.

Countries can impose fines on the sellers of products that do not comply with RoHS.

Answer: True
Supporting sentence: If designers do not take RoHS seriously, any country that can prove a product does not comply can levy fines against the vendor.
Keywords: fines, sellers, not comply, RoHS
Keyword Location: Paragraph 8, 1st line
Explanation: In paragraph 8, it is stated that "if designers do not take RoHS seriously, ... impose penalty against the vendor." The word levy implies 'to impose.' As a result, this statement affirms that nations can levy fines on suppliers that are not RoHS compliant. Because the assertion and the information coincide, the right response is "TRUE."

Smaller companies are taking the changeover to RoHS seriously.

Answer: False
Supporting sentence: But many industry observers believe smaller and medium-size companies will continue to be complacent about the RoHS transition until some major company is cited for non-compliance.
Keywords: smaller companies, changeover, RoHS, seriously
Keyword Location: Paragraph 9, 1st line
Explanation: "However, many industry experts anticipate smaller and medium-sized ... for noncompliance," according to paragraph 9. Companies continue to be complacent about RoHS, implying that they take RoHS for granted. The correct answer is "FALSE" since the assertion contradicts the information.

The energy-using directive will be introduced in the very near future.

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: According to paragraph 9, "Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals law, ... chemicals and energy." The paragraphs, however, make no mention of the adoption of an energy-saving guideline in the near future. As a result, the proper response is "NOT GIVEN.”

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