Deer Farming in Australia Reading Answers
The IELTS reading section assesses students based on their ability to read a passage and answer subsequent questions. These are the KPIs that are used to evaluate a candidate's reading abilities in IELTS examination. The details are required to be remembered in IELTS reading from the passage that is presented to them. IELTS academic reading is a crucial section and students are required to look after their preparation accordingly. Deer farming in Australia IELTS reading answers is a topic which can be utilized by students to prepare themselves for IELTS reading assessment. Candidates face similar topics in IELTS reading practice papers.The topic includes question as mentioned below:
- Match the headings
- True, false and not given
- Complete the following statements
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Section 1
The reading passage consists of 3 types of questions that need to be answered within 1 hour. One should not spend more than 20 minutes answering these questions from the passage. Here we have answers to the questions related to the Deer Farming in Australia Passage.
Deer Farming in Australia
Paragraph A
Deer are not indigenous to Australia. They were introduced into the country during the nineteenth century under the acclimatization programs governing the introduction of exotic species of animals and birds into Australia. Six species of deer were released at various locations. The animals dispersed and established wild populations at various locations across Australia, mostly depending upon their points of release into the wild. These animals formed the basis for the deer industry in Australia today.
Commercial deer farming in Australia commenced in Victoria in 1971 with the authorized capture of rusa deer from the Royal National Park, NSW. Until 1985, only four species of deer, two from temperate climates (red, yellow) and two tropical species (rusa, chital) were confined for commercial farming. Late in 1985, pressure from industry to increase herd numbers saw the development of import protocols. This resulted in the introduction of large numbers of red deer hybrids from New Zealand and North American elk directly from Canada. The national farmed deer herd is now distributed throughout all states although most are in New South Wales and Victoria.
Paragraph B
The number of animals processed annually has continued to increase, despite the downward trend in venison prices since 1997. Of concern is the apparent increase in the number of female animals processed and the number of whole herds committed for processing. With more than 40,000 animals processed in 1998/99 and 60,000 in 1999/2000, there is justified concern that future years may see a dramatic drop in production. At least 85% of all venison produced in Australia is exported, principally to Europe. At least 90% of all velvet antler produced is exported in an unprocessed state to Asia.
Schemes to promote Australian deer products continue to have a positive effect on sales that in turn have a positive effect on prices paid to growers. The industry appears to be showing limited signs that it is emerging from a state of depression caused by both internal and external factors that include: (i) the Asian currency downturn; (ii) the industry’s lack of competitive advantage in influential markets (particularly in respect to New Zealand competition), and (iii) within industry processing and marketing competition for limited product volumes of venison.
Paragraph C
From the formation of the Australian Deer Breeders Federation in 1979, the industry representative body has evolved through the Deer Farmers Federation of Australia to the Deer Industry Association of Australia Ltd (DIAA), which was registered in 1995. The industry has established two product development and marketing companies, the Australian Deer Horn and Co-Products Pty Ltd (ADH) and the Deer Industry Projects and Development Pty Ltd, which trades as the Deer Industry Company (DIC). ADH collects and markets Australian deer horn and co-products on behalf of Australian deer farmers. It promotes the harvest of velvet antler according to the strict quality assurance program promoted by the industry. The company also plans and coordinates regular velvet accreditation courses for Australian deer farmers.
Paragraph D
Estimates suggest that until the early 1990s the rate of the annual increase in the number of farmed deer was up to 25%, but after 1993 this rate of increase fell to probably less than 10%. The main reasons for the decline in the deer herd growth rate at such a critical time for the market were: (i) severe drought conditions up to 1998 affecting eastern Australia during 1993-96 and (ii) the consequent slaughter of large numbers of breeding females, at very low prices. These factors combined to decrease confidence within the industry. Lack of confidence saw a drop in new investment within the industry and a lack of willingness of established farmers to expand their herds. With the development of strong overseas markets for venison and velvet and the prospect of better seasons ahead in 1996, the trends described were seen to have been significantly reversed. However, the relatively small size of the Australian herd was seen to impose undesirable restraints on the rate at which herd numbers could be expanded to meet the demands for products. Supply difficulties were exacerbated when the supply of products, particularly venison, was maintained by the slaughter of young breeding females. The net result was depletion of the industry ’s female breeding herds.
Paragraph E
Industry programs are funded by statutory levies on sales of animals for venison, velvet antler sales and the sale of live animals into export markets. The industry has a 1996-2000 five year plan including animal nutrition, pasture quality, carcass quality, antler harvesting, promotional material and technical bulletins. All projects have generated a significant volume of information, which complements similar work undertaken in New Zealand and other deer farming countries.
Major projects funded by levy funds include the Venison Market Project from 1992 to 1996. This initiative resulted in a dramatic increase in international demand for Australian venison and an increase in the domestic consumption of venison. In an effort to maintain existing venison markets in the short term and to increase them in the long term, in 1997 the industry’s top priority became the increase in size and production capacity of the national herd.
Section 2
Question 28-32:
The reading passage on Deer Farming In Australia has 5 paragraphs (A-E).
From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs A - E.
Write the appropriate number (i - viii) in boxes 28 - 32 on your answer sheet.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
(i) Industry Structures
(ii) Disease Affects Production
(iii) Trends in Production
(iv) Government Assistance
(v) How Deer Came to Australia
(vi) Research and Development
(vii) Asian Competition
(viii) Industry Development
Q28. Paragraph A
Answer: Paragraph A - (v) How Deer Came to Australia
Supporting Sentence: They were introduced into the country during the nineteenth century under the acclimatization programs governing the introduction of exotic species of animals and birds into Australia.
Keywords: indigenous, acclimation, exotic species, commercial deer, authorized, red deer hybrids.
Keyword Location: Paragraph A
Explanation: Paragraph A describes that the deer were not indigenous to Australia, they were introduced through an acclimatization program, governing the introduction of exotic species of animals and birds in Australia. It also talks about commercial deer farming in Australia. The deer species that were commercialized and the states where they distributed the most. Based on all this information, the best headline among all seems to be ‘How Deer Came to Australia’.
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Q29. Paragraph B
Answer: Paragraph B - (viii) Industry Development
Supporting Sentence: The industry appears to be showing limited signs that it is emerging from a state of depression caused by both internal and external factors that include: (i) the Asian currency downturn; (ii) the industry’s lack of competitive advantage in influential markets (particularly in respect to New Zealand competition), and (iii) within industry processing and marketing competition for limited product volumes of venison.
Keywords: processed, annually, downward trend, version prices,
Keyword Location: Paragraph B
Explanation:This paragraph describes the number of deers processed annually, which increases from the year 1998 - 1999 and in the year 1999 - 2000. It also includes data about the percentage of deer products produced and exported to other countries. It includes schemes to promote the Australian deer products and the positive effects on sales and prices paid to growers. This paragraph is all about how this deer industry is developing and the best headline seems to be ‘Industry Development’.
Q30. Paragraph C
Answer: Paragraph C - (i) Industry Structures
Supporting Sentence: The industry has established two product development and marketing companies, the Australian Deer Horn and Co-Products Pty Ltd (ADH) and the Deer Industry Projects and Development Pty Ltd, which trades as the Deer Industry Company (DIC).
Keywords: has established, product development and marketing
Keyword Location: Paragraph C
Explanation:This paragraph is all about the formation of the Australian Deer Breeders Federation and its representative body, which has evolved from the Deer Farmers Federation of Australia to the Deer Industry Association of Australia Ltd. It includes details about the companies that have been established for product development and marketing. The responsibilities handled by these companies like a strict quality assurance program, collection, and marketing of Australian deer products on behalf of Australian deer farmers. This paragraph shows how this industry has been structured, so the headline that can be used here is ‘Industry Structures’
Q31. Paragraph D
Answer: Paragraph D - (iii) Trends in Production
Supporting Sentence: Estimates suggest that until the early 1990s the rate of the annual increase in the number of farmed deer was up to 25%, but after 1993 this rate of increase fell to probably less than 10%.
Keywords: increased, farmed deer, growth rate
Keyword Location: Paragraph D
Explanation:This paragraph shows that the number of farmed deer decreased after 1993, due to severe drought conditions, and consequent slaughter of large numbers of breeding females at very low prices. Due to these factors, the investment decreased and the farmers lost the willingness to expand their hers. But after 1996, the situation was reversed because of the development of strong overseas markets for venison and velvet. Now there was a demand for deer products but because of the small size of the Australian herd, there were difficulties in supply. The need to fulfill the supply of the demanded products lead to the depletion of the industry’s female breeding herds. So this paragraph totally talks about how these trends affect the production of deer products and thus the heading that can be used in ‘Trends in Production’.
Q32. Paragraph E
Answer: Paragraph E - (vi) Research and Development
Supporting Sentence: All projects have generated a significant volume of information, which complements similar work undertaken in New Zealand and other deer farming countries.
Keywords: five year plan, major projects
Keyword Location: Paragraph E
Explanation: This paragraph is about the programs that fund the sales of animals for venison, velvet antler sales, and the sale of live animals into the export market. These programs also include a 5-year plan that includes animal nutrition, pasture quality, carcass quality, antler harvesting, promotional materials, and technical bulletins. These projects resulted in a dramatic increase in international demand for Australian venison and an increase in the domestic consumption of venison. Thus the heading for this paragraph could be ‘Research and Development.
Question 33-37
Read the passage on ‘Deer Farming in Australia’ and look at the statement below.
In boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet:
TRUE: if the statement is true
FALSE: if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN: if the information is not given in the reading passage
Q33. Until 1985, only 2 species of the originally released Australian deer were not used for Farming.
Answer: TRUE
Supporting Sentence: Until 1985, only four species of deer, two from temperate climates (red, yellow) and two tropical species (rusa, chital) were confined for commercial farming.
Keywords: four species, commercial farming
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, line 7
Explanation: This statement is true as there were four species of deer that were confined for commercial farming.
Q34. Since 1985, many imported deer have been interbred with the established herds.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Q35. The drop in deer numbers since 1997 led to an increase in the price of venison.
Answer: FALSE
Supporting Sentence: The number of animals processed annually has continued to increase, despite the downward trend in venison prices since 1997
Keywords: 1997, venison prices, number of animals processed
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, line 1
Explanation: This statement is false because the venison prices did not affect the processing of animals.
Q36. Only a small amount of Australian venison production is consumed domestically.
Answer: TRUE
Supporting Statement: This initiative resulted in a dramatic increase in international demand for Australian venison and an increase in the domestic consumption of venison.
Keywords: venison, domestic consumption
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, line 7.
Explanation: This statement is true because initially, the domestic consumption of venison was small, but it later increased after the projects were initiated.
Q37. Current economic conditions in Asian countries have had positive effects on the Australian deer industry.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question 38-40:
Complete each of the following statements (Question 38-40) with words taken from the reading passage.
With NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet
Q38. Astringent ……………. allows the Australian deer industry to maintain their excellence of the product.
Answer: quality assurance program
Supporting Statement: It promotes the harvest of velvet antler according to the strict quality assurance program promoted by the industry.
Keywords: strict quality
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, line 7
Explanation: The companies were able to promote the harvest of various products based on the strict quality assurance program.
Q39. Herd stock expansion was made difficult by the killing of ……………. to continue product supply.
Answer: breeding females
Supporting Statement: Supply difficulties were exacerbated when the supply of products, particularly venison, was maintained by the slaughter of young breeding females.
Keywords: supply difficulties, supply of product, venison, slaughter
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, line 11
Explanation: To fulfill the demand for venison, the young breeding females were slaughtered and thus the expansion of the herd was difficult.
Q40. Foreign and home markets for Australian venison increased due to the …………….
Answer: venison market project
Supporting Statement: Major projects funded by levy funds include the Venison Market Project from 1992 to 1996. This initiative resulted in a dramatic increase in international demand for Australian venison and an increase in the domestic consumption of venison.
Keywords: International demand, domestic consumption, venison
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, line 6.
Explanation: The Venison Market Project resulted in a dramatic increase in both international and domestic consumption of venison.
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