Copy Your Neighbour Reading Answers

Dec 21, 2022

Copy Your Neighbour Reading Answers contains five passages and 13 questions. Copy Your Neighbour Reading Answers is an academic IELTS reading sample. The IELTS reading answer checks these skills over passages and then answering the questions. Copy Your Neighbour Reading Answers help students in improving various kinds of skill sets. In this IELTS Reading Section, the candidates will be provided with a set of questions with specific styles and instructions. It is instructed to read those instructions thoroughly before answering. The following IELTS reading piece Copy Your Neighbour Reading Answers caters to three types of questions: Match the heading, Identifying Information, and Multiple Choice Questions. This topic has been taken from the book IELTS practice tests: with explanatory key. Students can get more topics to practice from IELTS Reading Practice papers. This will help them get good band scores in the IELTS exam.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Copy Your Neighbour Reading Answers

There’s no animal that symbolizes rainforest diversity quite as spectacularly as the tropical butterfly. Anyone lucky enough to see these creatures flitting between patches of sunlight cannot fail to be impressed by the variety of their patterns. But why do they display such colourful exuberance? Until recently, this was almost as pertinent a question as it had been when the 19th-century naturalists, armed only with butterfly nets and insatiable curiosity, battled through the rainforests. These early explorers soon realized that although some of the butterflies’ bright colours are there to attract a mate, others are warning signals. They send out a message to any predators: “Keep off, we’re predicting poisonous.” And because wearing certain patterns affords protection, other species copy them. Biologists use the term ‘mimicry rings’ for these clusters of impostors and their evolutionary idol.
But here’s the conundrum. “Classical mimicry theory says that only a single ring should be found in any one area,” explains George Beccaloni of the Natural History Museum, London. The idea is that in each locality there should be just the one pattern that best protects its wearers. Predators would quickly learn to avoid it and eventually, all mimetic species in a region should converge upon it. “The fact that this is patently not the case has been one of the major problems in mimicry research,” says Beccaloni. In pursuit of a solution to the mystery of mimetic exuberance, Beccaloni set off for one of the mega centres for butterfly diversity, the point where the western edge of the Amazon basin meets the foothills of the Andes in Ecuador. “It’s exceptionally rich, but comparatively well collected, so I pretty much knew what was there, says Beccaloni. “The trick was to work out how all the butterflies were organized and how this related to mimicry.”
Working at the Jatun Sacha Biological Research Station on the banks of the Rio Napo, Beccaloni focused his attention on a group of butterflies called ithomiines. These distant relatives of Britain’s Camberwell Beauty are abundant throughout Central and South America and the Caribbean. They are famous for their bright colours, toxic bodies, and complex mimetic relationships. “They can comprise up to 85 per cent of the individuals in a mimicry ring and their patterns are mimicked not just by butterflies, but by other insects as diverse as damselflies and true bugs,” says Philip DeVries of the Milwaukee Public Museum’s Center for Biodiversity Studies.
Even though all ithomiines are poisonous, it is in their interest to evolve to look like one another because predators that learn to avoid one species will also avoid others that resemble it. This is known as Mullerian mimicry. Mimicry rings may also contain insects that are not toxic but gain protection by looking like a model species that is: an adaptation called Batesian mimicry. So strong is an experienced predator’s avoidance response that even quite inept resemblance gives some protection. “Often there will be a whole series of species that mimic, with varying degrees of verisimilitude, a focal or model species,” says John Turner from the University of Leeds. “The results of these deceptions are some of the most exquisite examples of evolution known to science.” In addition to colour, many mimic copy behaviours and even the flight pattern of their model species.
But why are there so many different mimicry rings? One idea is that species flying at the same height in the forest canopy evolve to look like one another. “It had been suggested since the 1970s that mimicry complexes were stratified by flight height,” says DeVries. The idea is that wing colour patterns are camouflaged against the different patterns of light and shadow at each level in the canopy, providing the first line of defence, against predators.” But the light patterns and wing patterns don’t match very well,” he says. And observations show that the insects do not shift in height as the day progresses and the light patterns change. Worse still, according to DeVries, this theory doesn’t explain why the model species is flying at that particular height in the first place.
“When I first went out to Ecuador, I didn’t believe the flight height hypothesis and set out to test it,” says Beccaloni. “A few weeks with the collecting net convinced me otherwise. They really flew that way.” What he didn’t accept, however, was the explanation about light patterns. “I thought, if this idea really is true, and I can work out why it could help explain why there are so many different warning patterns in any one place. Then we might finally understand how they could evolve in such a complex way.” The job was complicated by the sheer diversity of species involved at Jatun Sacha. Not only were there 56 ithomiine butterfly species divided among eight mimicry rings, but there were also 69 other insect species, including 34 day-flying moths and a damselfly, all in a 200-hectare study area. Like many entomologists before him, Beccaloni used a large bag-like net to capture his prey. This allowed him to sample the 2.5 meters immediately above the forest floor. Unlike many previous workers, he kept very precise notes on exactly where he caught his specimens.
The attention to detail paid off. Beccaloni found that the mimicry rings were flying at two quite separate altitudes. “Their use of the forest was quite distinctive,” he recalls. “For example, most members of the clear-winged mimicry ring would fly close to the forest floor, while the majority of the 12 species in the tiger-winged ring fly high up.” Each mimicry ring had its own characteristic flight height.
However, this being practice rather than theory, things were a bit fuzzy. “They’d spend the majority of their time flying at a certain height. But they’d also spend a smaller proportion of their time flying at other heights,” Beccaloni admits. Species weren’t stacked rigidly like passenger jets waiting to land, but they did appear to have preferred airspace in the forest. So far, so good, but he still hadn’t explained what causes the various groups of ithomiines and their chromatic consorts to fly in formations at these particular heights.
Then Beccaloni had a bright idea. “I started looking at the distribution of ithomiine larval food plants within the canopy,” he says. “For each one, I’d record the height to which the host plant grew and the height above the ground at which the eggs or larvae were found. Once I got them back to the field station’s lab, it was just a matter of keeping them alive until they pupated and then hatched into adults which I could identify.”

Section 2

Solution With Explanation

Questions 1 - 5

Reading passage encompasses a total of seven paragraphs from A to I.
Which paragraph contains the following information? Answer with the letter 'A to I'm symbolizing the paragraph.
Note: You can utilize one letter more than one time.
(Guide: Candidates need to select the paragraphs as their answers to question 1 to 5)

Criticism against the flight height theory of butterflies.

Answer: E
Supporting Sentence: For DeVries, the theory introduced by Beccaloni was insufficient to clarify the height to which the butterflies can fly.
Keyword: DeVries, theory
Keyword Location: Paragraph E - 5th line and 18th line
Explanation: The issues raised by DeVries, who claimed that imitation complexes were classified according to flight height, are illustrated in paragraph E. The theory goes that wing colour patterns serve as the first line of defence against predators by providing camouflage against the various designs of light and shadow at each level in the canopy. The wing patterns, however, don't really match the light patterns. Observations also indicate that the insects' height does not change during the day. The wing patterns and light patterns don't really match. He ended by pointing out that the theory does not address the initial question of why the model creature is flying at that particular altitude. These words show that DeVries disagreed with the butterfly flight height idea.

Explained why Beccaloni researched Ecuador.

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: Beccaloni wanted to carry out mimicry research for which he made a step forward to the centre of the butterfly diversity, the point where the western edge of the Amazon basin meets the foothills of the Andes in Ecuador.
Keywords: Butterfly diversity, mimicry research, Ecuador
Keyword Location: Paragraph B - 17th line
Explanation: A reference in the fifth line of Paragraph B, which states that Beccaloni set out for one of the massive hubs for butterfly diversity, the point in which the western edge of the Amazon jungle meets the hills of the Andes in Ecuador, in search of an answer to the mystery of mimetic exuberance. These lines imply that Beccaloni visited a mega-centre for butterfly variety, the intersection of the western margin of the Amazon basin and the Andean foothills in Ecuador, in order to solve the enigma of mimetic exuberance. Beccaloni's major goal was to comprehend how butterflies were organised and how mimicry related to it. The solution is B.

Different mimicry rings fly at different heights.

Answer: G
Supporting Sentence: Beccaloni laid the first stone on the idea that the majority of the population of the clear winged mimicry group fly close to the forest floor and the 12 species of the tiger-winged ring fly high up.
Keyword: Clear Winged Mimicry, Species
Keyword Location: Paragraph G - 7th line, 9th line respectively.
Explanation: Beccaloni's focus on detail paid off when he discovered that the imitation rings were flying at two quite different heights, as we may infer from paragraph G. He said that they used the forest in very different ways; for instance, while the bulk of the 12 species inside the tiger-winged ring fly high overhead, most members of the clear-winged mimicry ring fly close to the forest floor. Every imitation ring has an own flying height. Beccaloni, according to what we understand, arrived at the conclusion that butterflies with varying mimicking patterns on their wings flew at various heights. Therefore G is the answer.

The method of catching butterflies by Beccaloni.

Answer: F
Supporting Sentence: Beccaloni used the strategy which was using a net-shaped bag that enabled him to catch the sample to an extent of 2.5 metres.
Keyword: bag-like net, capture, prey
Keyword Location: Paragraph F - 25th, 26th line respectively.
Explanation: The eighth sentence of paragraph F demonstrates how Beccaloni caught his target using a big net like a sack. He was able to sample the 2.5 metres just above the jungle floor thanks to this. He kept extremely detailed records on precisely where he obtained his specimens, unlike many prior workers. These lines demonstrate that Beccaloni applied the successful methods utilised by entomologists before him. He caught his target with a large bag-like net that allowed him to catch a specimen up to a distance of 2.5 metres. The solution is thus F.

Not all Mimicry patterns are toxic information sent out from insects.

Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: The species which resembles mimicry information have a subcategory of insects which resemble poisonous threat. Therefore, to create a defence the insects aim to make them resemble those insects.
Keyword: Mimicry, protection
Keyword Location: Paragraph D - 7th and 8th line respectively.
Explanation: Despite the fact that all ithomiines are toxic, it is in their best interests to have converged in appearance since predators that learn to reject one species will also avoid others which resemble it, as stated in paragraph D. This is referred to as Mullerian imitation. Insects that are not poisonous but obtain protection by resembling a model species may also be found in mimicry rings; this adaptation is known as Batesian mimicry. These lines show that some mimic rings can protect non-toxic insects by mimicking a model species. We can see why insects might want to imitate other insects in order to build a defense. The solution is D.

Questions 6-11

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 6-11 on your answer sheet, write

True – if the statement is true
False - if the statement is false
Not Given - if the information is not given in the passage

All butterflies’ colours of wings reflect the sense of warning to other predators.

Answer: False
Supporting Sentence: According to the theory of Müllerian mimicry, many ithomiinae follow their interest in looking similar to one another, which notifies the predators of the threat sign.
Keyboard: Mimicry, Müllerian mimicry
Keyword Location: Paragraph D - 1st line
Explanation: The initial line of paragraph D states that although all ithomiines are poisonous, it is in their interest to evolve to look like one another because predators that learn to avoid one species will also avoid others that resemble it. This is known as Mullerian mimicry. We understand that according to the Mullerian mimicry, many ithomiines are poisonous but it is in their interest to resemble one another, which notifies the predators of the threat sign. Therefore, the statement contradicts the information, so, the answer is False.

Insects may imitate butterflies’ wing patterns as well.

Answer: True
Supporting Sentence: According to the Batesian Mimicry, many insects also follow the pattern of mimicry rings, even though they do not resemble any danger to the predator.
Keywords: Batesian, insects
Keyword Location: Paragraph D - 5th line
Explanation: Mimicry rings may also contain non-toxic insects that acquire protection by resembling a model species, a technique known as Batesian mimicry, according to the third line of paragraph D. These lines imply that while not resembling any threat to the predator, many insects adhere to the Batesian mimicry theory and follow the pattern of imitation rings. Since the information and the assertion are consistent, the answer is True.

The flying Altitude of the butterfly is determined by their food.

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: In contrast to the 12 species in the tiger-winged ring, most individuals of the clear-winged mimicry ring fly low to the forest floor, according to an example given in the second line of paragraph G. Every imitation ring has an own flying height. Because a clear-winged imitation ring would fly near to the forest while the 12 species in the tiger-winged ring will fly far above, these lines demonstrate that each mimicry ring possessed its own distinctive traits. There is no evidence, nevertheless, that the butterfly's diet affects how high it flies. Therefore, the response is Not Given.

Beccaloni agreed with the flight height hypothesis and decided to reassure its validity.

Answer: False
Supporting Sentence: Beccaloni stated that he didn't agree with the height hypothesis and therefore he set out to test it.
Keywords: Hypothesis, Ecuador
Keyword Location: Paragraph F - 1st and 2nd line
Explanation: According to the first sentence of paragraph F, Beccaloni originally disagreed with the flying height theory when he arrived in Ecuador, therefore he decided to test it. The response is False because the assertion goes against the data.

Jatun Sacha has the richest diversity of breeds in the world

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: In the sixth sentence of paragraph F, it is mentioned that Jatun Sacha is made up of 56 ithomiine species of butterflies distributed throughout eight mimicry rings. A 200-hectare research area had 69 more species of insects, including 34 day-flying butterflies and a damselfly. According to these lines, Jatun Sacha had a staggering variety of breeds. There is little evidence to suggest that he had the greatest variety of breeds, though.

Beccaloni has more detailed records on the location of butterfly collections than others.

Answer: True
Supporting Sentence: Beccaloni came up with the idea of researching each of resolving the mystery of mimetic exuberance. He knew the relation of the location and the species of butterfly found there.
Keywords: Ecuador, mystery, location
Keyword Location: Paragraph B - 12th and 14th line
Explanation: The fifth sentence of paragraph B shows that Beccaloni went out towards one of the mega-centres for butterfly variety, the intersection of the western margin of the Amazon basin and the Andean foothills in Ecuador, in search of an answer to the puzzle of mimetic exuberance. According to these lines, Beccaloni was aware of the connection between the place and the kinds of butterflies found there when he had the notion to conduct study into each possible method of solving the enigma of mimetic exuberance. Since the information and the assertion are consistent, the answer is True.

Questions 12-13

Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D
Write your answers in boxes 12-13 on your answer sheet.

Which is correct about butterflies flight altitude?

Flight height theory already established
Butterfly always flies at a certain height
It is like the aeroplane's flying phenomenon
Each butterfly has its favourable height

Answer: D
Supporting Sentence: Beccaloni found out from the research carried out in Ecuador that the various species of Mimicry Rings maintained their flight at different heights.
Keyword: Mimicry rings, altitudes
Keyword Location: Paragraph G - 2nd line
Explanation:An illustration may be found in the second sentence of paragraph G, which notes that whereas the majority of the species in the tiger-winged ring fly high above, most members of the clear-winged imitation ring fly close to the forest floor. Every imitation ring has an own flying height. These lines show that each imitation ring had a distinct flight height, with the clear-winged mimicry ring flying near to the forest floor and the tiger-winged mimicry ring flying higher in the sky. It is clear that different mimicry ring species maintained its flight at various altitudes. The solution is D.

Which is correct about Beccaloni next investigation after flight height?

Some certain statistics have already been collected
Try to find connections between larval height and adult ones
It’s very difficult to raise butterfly larval
Different larval favour different kinds of trees

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: Another sharp idea Beccaloni now had was to locate the distribution of larval food plants and the canopy.
Keywords: larval, canopy
Keyword Location: Paragraph I - 2nd and 3rd line
Explanation: Beccaloni had the notion to investigate the dispersion of ithomiine larval feeding plants inside the canopy, according to the first sentence of Paragraph I. He would note each location where the eggs or larvae were detected above the earth. Beccaloni's concept, which was to identify the distribution of larval feeding plants and canopy, is made clear in these lines. His plan's main objective was to measure the height that the host plant might grow in relation to the level during which eggs or larvae were discovered above the ground. So, B is the correct response.

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