Care in the Community Reading Answers

Dec 17, 2022

Care in the Community Reading Answers is the topic including 15 number of questions in total, which should be attempted by the candidates within 20 minutes. Care in the Community Reading Answers is a topic discussing about the patients who are mentally ill and how we can take care of them. This IELTS topic has been taken from the book called “Practice Tests for Ielts 2 Volume 2”. The topic is divided into three segments of questions, including, Multiple-choice questions, Match the speaker, and True/ False/ Not Given. In order to recognize the synonyms and identify the keywords and for answering the questions below, the candidates should read throroughly the IELTS reading passage to analyze the gist of the passage. The IELTS reading practice papers includes similar topics like Care in the Community Reading Answers

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Care in the Community Reading Answers

A. 'Bedlam' is a word that has become synonymous in the English language with chaos and disorder. The term itself derives from the shortened name for a former 16th century London institution for the mentally ill, known as St. Mary of Bethlehem. This institution was so notorious that its name was to become a byword for mayhem. Patient 'treatment' amounted to little more than legitimised abuse. Inmates were beaten and forced to live in unsanitary conditions, whilst others were placed on display to a curious public as a side- show. There is little indication to suggest that other institutions founded at around the same time in other European countries were much better.

B. Even up until the mid-twentieth century, institutions for the mentally ill were regarded as being more places of isolation and punishment than healing and solace. In popular literature of the Victorian era that reflected true-life events, individuals were frequently sent to the 'madhouse' as a legal means of permanently disposing of an unwanted heir or spouse. Later, in the mid- twentieth century, institutes for the mentally ill regularly carried out invasive brain surgery known as a 'lobotomy' on violent patients without their consent. The aim was to 'calm' the patient but ended up producing a patient that was little more than a zombie. Such a procedure is well documented to devastating effect in the film 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'. Little wonder then that the appalling catalogue of treatment of the mentally ill led to a call for change from social activists and psychologists alike.

C. Improvements began to be seen in institutions from the mid-50s onwards, along with the introduction of care in the community for less severely ill patients. Community care was seen as a more humane and purposeful approach to dealing with the mentally ill. Whereas institutionalised patients lived out their existence in confinement, forced to obey institutional regulations, patients in the community were free to live a relatively independent life. The patient was never left purely to their own devices as a variety of services could theoretically be accessed by the individual. In its early stages, however, community care consisted primarily of help from the patient's extended family network. In more recent years, such care has extended to the provision of specialist community mental health teams (CMHTS) in the UK. Such teams cover a wide range of services from rehabilitation to home treatment and assessment. In addition, psychiatric nurses are on hand to administer prescription medication and give injections. The patient is therefore provided with the necessary help that they need to survive in the everyday world whilst maintaining a degree of autonomy.

D. Often, though, when a policy is put into practice, its failings become apparent. This is true for the policy of care in the community. Whilst back-up services may exist, an individual may not call upon them when needed, due to reluctance or inability to assess their own condition. As a result, such an individual may be alone during a critical phase of their illness, which could lead them to self-harm or even become a threat to other members of their community. Whilst this might be an extreme-case scenario, there is also the issue of social alienation that needs to be considered. Integration into the community may not be sufficient to allow the individual to find work, leading to poverty and isolation. Social exclusion could then cause a relapse as the individual is left to battle mental health problems alone. The solution, is therefore, is to ensure that the patient is always in touch with professional helpers and not left alone to fend for themselves. It should always be remembered that whilst you can take the patient out of the institution, you can't take the institution out of the patient.

E. When questioned about care in the community, there seems to be a division of opinion amongst members of the public and within the mental healthcare profession itself. Dr. Mayalla, practising clinical psychologist, is inclined to believe that whilst certain patients may benefit from care in the community, the scheme isn't for everyone. 'Those suffering moderate cases of mental illness stand to gain more from care in the community than those with more pronounced mental illness. I don't think it's a one-size-fits-all policy. But I also think that there is a far better infrastructure of helpers and social workers in place now than previously and the scheme stands a greater chance of success than in the past.'

F. Anita Brown, mother of three, takes a different view. 'As a mother, I'm very protective towards my children. As a result, I would not put my support behind any scheme that I felt might put my children in danger... I guess there must be assessment methods in place to ensure that dangerous individuals are not let loose amongst the public but I'm not for it at all. I like to feel secure where I live, but more to the point, that my children are not under any threat.'

G. Bob Ratchett, a former mental health nurse, takes a more positive view on community care projects. 'Having worked in the field myself, I've seen how a patient can benefit from living an independent life, away from an institution. Obviously, only individuals well on their way to recovery would be suitable for consideration as participants in such a scheme. If you think about it, is it really fair to condemn an individual to a lifetime in an institution when they could be living a fairly fulfilled and independent life outside the institution?'

Section 2

Directions from questions 26 to 31:
Below are given multiple-choice questions in which the candidate is provided with four options from A to D. After reading the statement, you have to check which option fits the best.

Question 26. Which of the following statements is accurate?

In the 20th Century, illegal surgical procedures were carried out on the mentally ill.
The Victorian era saw an increase in mental illness amongst married couples.
Mental Institutions of the past were better-equipped for dealing with the mentally ill.
In the past, others often benefited when a patient was sent to a mental asylum.

Answer: D
Supporting Statement: In popular literature of the Victorian era that reflected true-life events, individuals were frequently sent to the 'madhouse' as a legal means of permanently disposing of an unwanted heir or spouse.
Keywords: permanently disposing of, madhouse, sent to a mental asylum
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, lines 3-4
Explanation: The third and fourth line of paragraph B states that the "madhouse" was commonly used as a legal way to permanently get rid of an undesired heir or spouse in Victorian popular literature that was based on actual events.

Question 27. What does the writer mean by patient treatment being 'legitimized abuse'?

There were proper guidelines for the punishment of mentally ill patients.
Maltreatment of mentally ill patients was not illegal and so was tolerated.
Only those who were legally entitled to do so could punish mentally ill patients.
Physical abuse of mentally ill patients was a legal requirement of mental institutions.

Answer: B
Supporting Statement: Patient ‘treatment’ amounted to little more than legitimized abuse.
Keywords: Patient's treatment, legitimized abuse
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, line 6
Explanation: Line 6 of paragraph A says that Little more than legalised abuse was used as therapy for patients. Others were used as a side show for a curious public while others were abused and made to live in filthy conditions.

Question 28. What brought about changes in the treatment of mentally ill patients?

A radio documentary exposed patient maltreatment.
People rebelled against the consistent abuse of mentally ill patients.
Previous treatments of mentally ill patients were proved to be ineffective.
The maltreatment of mentally ill patients could never be revealed.

Answer: B
Supporting Statement: Little wonder then that the appalling catalog of treatment of the mentally ill led to a call for change from social activists and psychologists alike.
Keywords: call for change, social activists and psychologists alike, mentally ill
Keyword Location: Paragraph B,last two lines
Explanation: The conclusion part of paragraph B suggests that it should come as no surprise, then, that social activists and psychologists alike have called for reform in response to the horrifying list of treatments available to those who are mentally ill.

Question 29. What was a feature of early care in the community schemes?

Patient support was the responsibility more of relatives than professional.
Advanced professional help was available to patients.
All mentally ill patients could benefit from the scheme.
Patients were allowed to enjoy full independence.

Answer: A
Supporting Statement: In its early stages, however, community care consisted primarily of help from the patient’s extended family network.
Keywords: patient’s extended family network, community care, responsibility more of relatives
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, lines 7-10
Explanation: The seventh to tenth line of paragraph C implies that the community care, however, initially mostly consisted on assistance from the patient's wider family network.

Question 30. What is true of care in the community schemes today?

They permit greater patient autonomy.
More professional services are available to patients.
Family support networks have become unnecessary.
All patients can now become part of these schemes.

Answer: B
Supporting Statement: But I also think that there is a far better infrastructure of helpers and social workers in place now than previously.
Keywords: better infrastructure, helpers, and social workers in place
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, Last three lines
Explanation: The last part of paragraph E implies that in comparison to before, there is a far greater infrastructure of helpers and social workers in place.

Question 31. What can be said of the writer's attitude towards care in the community?

He believes that the scheme has proved to be a failure.
He believes that it can occur under certain circumstances.
He believes that it will never work as mentally ill patients will always be disadvantaged.
He believes it has failed due to patients' neglect by professional helpers.

Answer: B
Supporting Statement: I don’t think it’s a one-size-fits-all policy.
Keywords: work under circumstances, one-size-fits-all policy
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, last few lines
Explanation: The writer in the conclusive part of paragraph E states that the policy is universal.

Direction to solve question from 32 to 36:
The candidate will be given the names of the speakers from A to C. According to the given statements below, the candidate has to check which speaker has spoken those statements.

Dr. Mayalla
Anita Brown
Bob Ratchet

Question 32. This person acknowledges certain inadequacies in the concept of care in the community, but recognises that attempts have been made to improve on existing schemes.

Answer: A
Supporting Statement: Dr. Mayalla, practicing clinical psychologist, is inclined to believe that whilst certain patients may benefit from care in the community, the scheme isn’t for everyone.
Keywords: Dr. Mayalla, patients may benefit, scheme isn’t for everyone
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, lines 3-5
Explanation: Clinical psychologist Dr. Mayalla in lines 3-5 of paragraph E is inclined to think that while some patients might benefit from care in the community, the programme isn't appropriate for everyone.

Question 33. This person whilst emphasizing the benefits to the patient from care in the community schemes is critical of traditional care methods.

Answer: C
Supporting Statement: ‘Having worked in the field myself, I’ve seen how a patient can benefit from living an independent life, away from an institution.
Keywords: living an independent life, away from an institution, benefit
Keyword Location:Paragraph G,line 2
Explanation: Living independently can be quite advantageous, in Bob Ratchet's opinion. This will enable the patients to heal more quickly than in any facility.

Question 34. This person's views have been moderated by their professional contract with the mentally ill.

Answer: C
Supporting Statement: Bob Ratchet, a former mental health nurse, takes a more positive view on community care projects.
Keywords: Bob Ratchet, positive view, mental health nurse, community care projects
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, lines 1-2
Explanation: Having worked as a mental health nurse in the past, Bob Ratchet has a more optimistic outlook on community care initiatives.

Question 35. This person places the welfare of others above that of the mentally ill.

Answer: B
Supporting Statement: As a result, I would not put my support behind any scheme that I felt might put my children in danger.
Keywords: support behind any scheme, children in danger, welfare of other
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, lines 4-5
Explanation: Anita Brown in lines 4-5 of paragraph F claims that she will not place her patients, who are considered to be her children, in any danger. She is unwilling to contribute in any way to charity projects.

Question 36. This person acknowledges that mistrust of care in the community schemes may be unfounded.

Answer: B
Supporting Statement: I guess there must be assessment methods in place to ensure that dangerous individuals are not let loose amongst the public but I’m not for it at all.
Keywords: assessment methods in place, dangerous individuals
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, lines 4-5
Explanation: Anita Brown contends that an appropriate assessment strategy should be used. These evaluations should be carried out to make sure that people with more serious diseases don't lose control.

Directions to solve the questions from 37 to 40:
The candidate needs to answer with either True, False, or Not Given

TRUE: In case, the question matches the given information
FALSE: In case, the question is opposite to the given information
NOT GIVEN: If there is no information regarding the question

Question 37. There is a better understanding of the dynamics of mental illness today.

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: No justified information regarding this sentence is available in the passage.

Question 38. Community care schemes do not provide adequate psychological support for patients.

Answer: False
Supporting Statement: Such teams cover a wide range of services from rehabilitation to home treatment and assessment.
Keywords: home treatment and assessment, cover wide range of services, rehabilitation
Keyword location: Paragraph C, last 5-6 lines.
Explanation: Lines 5-6 of paragraph C says that there are teams that offer a variety of services, including assessment, home therapy, and rehabilitation. Thus, the statement is False.

Question 39. Dr. Mayalla believes that the scheme is less successful than in the past.

Answer: False
Supporting Statement: Dr. Mayalla, practising clinical psychologist, is inclined to believe that whilst certain patients may benefit from care in the community, the scheme isn't for everyone.
Keywords: greater chance of success, than in the past
Keyword location: Paragraph E, last 2 lines
Explanation: Last part of paragraph 2 suggests that While some patients may benefit from therapy in the community, Dr. Mayalla, a clinical psychologist in practise, is inclined to think that the programme isn't appropriate for everyone. Hence, the statement is regarded as False.

Question 40. The goal of the community care schemes is to make patients less dependent on the system.

Answer: True
Supporting Statement: Obviously, only individuals well on their way to recovery would be suitable for consideration as participants in such a scheme.
Keywords: suitable for consideration, participants in such a scheme, only individuals
Keyword location: Paragraph G, lines 5-6
Explanation: It goes without saying in lines 5-6 of paragraph G that only people who are close to recovery would be acceptable for consideration as participants in such a system.

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