Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Reading Answers

Jan 7, 2023

Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Reading Answers contains sample answers about artificial intelligence and people’s view about it. Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Reading Answers has 14 different questions. IELTS Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Reading Answers contains three types of questions: choose the correct heading, choose the correct letter and write yes/no/not given. Candidates are required to read the IELTS Reading passage to choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the given options. Candidates need to thoroughly go through each paragraph to answer the question correctly from the given options. Candidates are supposed to answer whether the stated information matches with the claims of the passage or not, write not given if the information is not provided. Candidates can gain proficiency on diverse topics by undertaking IELTS Reading practice papers.

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Section 1

Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions

Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Reading Answers

Artificial intelligence (AI) can already predict the future. Police forces are using it to map when and where crime is likely to occur. Doctors can use it to predict when a patient is most likely to have a heart attack or stroke. Researchers are even trying to give AI imagination so it can plan for unexpected consequences. Many decisions in our lives require a good forecast, and AI is almost always better at forecasting than we are. Yet for all these technological advances, we still seem to deeply lack confidence in AI predictions. Recent cases show that people don’t like relying on AI and prefer to trust human experts, even if these experts are wrong. If we want AI to really benefit people, we need to find a way to get people to trust it. To do that, we need to understand why people are so reluctant to trust AI in the first place.
Take the case of Watson for Oncology, one of technology giant IBM’s supercomputer programs. Their attempt to promote this program to cancer doctors was a PR disaster. The AI promised to deliver top-quality recommendations on the treatment of 12 cancers that accounted for 80% of the world’s cases. But when doctors first interacted with Watson, they found themselves in a rather difficult situation. On the one hand, if Watson provided guidance about a treatment that coincided with their own opinions, physicians did not see much point in Watson’s recommendations. The supercomputer was simply telling them what they already knew, and these recommendations did not change the actual treatment. On the other hand, if Watson generated a recommendation that contradicted the experts’ opinion, doctors would typically conclude that Watson wasn’t competent. And the machine wouldn’t be able to explain why its treatment was plausible because its machine-learning algorithms were simply too complex to be fully understood by humans. Consequently, this has caused even more suspicion and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly outlandish AI recommendations and stick to their own expertise.
This is just one example of people’s lack of confidence in AI and their reluctance to accept what AI has to offer. Trust in other people is often based on our understanding of how others think and having experience of their reliability. This helps create a psychological feeling of safety. AI, on the other hand, is still fairly new and unfamiliar to most people. Even if it can be technically explained (and that’s not always the case), AI’s decision-making process is usually too difficult for most people to comprehend. And interacting with something we don’t understand can cause anxiety and give us a sense that we’re losing control. Many people are also simply not familiar with many instances of AI actually working, because it often happens in the background. Instead, they are acutely aware of instances where AI goes wrong. Embarrassing AI failures receive a disproportionate amount of media attention, emphasising the message that we cannot rely on technology. Machine learning is not foolproof, in part because the humans who design it aren’t.
Feelings about AI run deep. In a recent experiment, people from a range of backgrounds were given various sci-fi films about AI to watch and then asked questions about automation in everyday life. It was found that, regardless of whether the film they watched depicted AI in a positive or negative light, simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future polarised the participants’ attitudes. Optimists became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and sceptics became even more guarded. This suggests people use relevant evidence about AI in a biassed manner to support their existing attitudes, a deep-rooted human tendency known as “confirmation bias”. As AI is represented more and more in media and entertainment, it could lead to a society split between those who benefit from AI and those who reject it. More pertinently, refusing to accept the advantages offered by AI could place a large group of people at a serious disadvantage.
Fortunately, we already have some ideas about how to improve trust in AI. Simply having previous experience with AI can significantly improve people’s opinions about the technology, as was found in the study mentioned above. Evidence also suggests the more you use other technologies such as the internet, the more you trust them. Another solution may be to reveal more about the algorithms which AI uses and the purposes they serve. Several high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures. A similar practice for AI could help people have a better understanding of the way algorithmic decisions are made.
Research suggests that allowing people some control over AI decision-making could also improve trust and enable AI to learn from human experience. For example, one study showed that when people were allowed the freedom to slightly modify an algorithm, they felt more satisfied with its decisions, more likely to believe it was superior and more likely to use it in the future. We don’t need to understand the intricate inner workings of AI systems, but if people are given a degree of responsibility for how they are implemented, they will be more willing to accept AI into their lives.

Section 2

Solution and Explanation

Questions 27 – 32

The Reading Passage has six sections, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

An increasing divergence of attitudes towards AI
Reasons why we have more faith in human judgement than in AI
The superiority of AI projections over those made by humans
The process by which AI can help us make good decisions
The advantages of involving users in AI processes
Widespread distrust of an AI innovation
Encouraging openness about how AI functions
A surprisingly successful AI application

Section A

Answer: iii
Supporting Sentence: police forces are using it to map when and where crime is likely to occur. Doctors can use it to predict when a patient is most likely to have a heart attack or stroke. Researchers are even trying to give AI imagination so it can plan for unexpected consequences
Keyword : police forces, doctors, researchers, uses, trying
Keyword Location: paragraph A, first 4 lines
Explanation: The future can already be predicted by artificial intelligence, according to paragraph A. It is being used by police forces to map potential crime hotspots and times. It can be used by doctors to forecast a patient's risk of having a heart attack or stroke. In order for AI to prepare for unexpected outcomes, researchers are even attempting to give it imagination.

Section B

Answer: vi
Supporting Sentence: telling them what they already knew, and these recommendations did not change the actual treatment
Keyword : already know, recommendation, treatment, change
Keyword Location: paragraph B, line 8
Explanation: The supercomputer was merely confirming what they already knew, according to paragraph B. These suggestions had no effect on how the condition was handled. However, doctors would often decide that Watson lacked competence if he produced a proposal that was at odds with the experts' viewpoint.

Section C

Answer: ii
Supporting Sentence: Trust in other people is often based on our understanding of how others think and having experience of their reliability
Keyword : trust, people, understanding, experience, reliability
Keyword Location: paragraph C, line 2-3
Explanation: According to paragraph C, we frequently rely our trust in other people on our knowledge of how they think and our own experiences with their dependability. This promotes a psychological sense of security. Contrarily, AI is a relatively new and uncharted territory for most people.

Section D

Answer: i
Supporting Sentence: simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future polarised the participants’ attitudes. Optimists became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and sceptics became even more guarded
Keyword : polarised, attitude, optimists, sceptics
Keyword Location: paragraph D, line 4-6
Explanation: The participants' perspectives were polarised, according to paragraph D, only by witnessing a cinematic portrayal of our technological future. The enthusiasm for AI among optimists grew more fervent. Even more circumspect were the sceptics. This shows that people use pertinent information about AI to reinforce their preexisting beliefs in a biassed way.

Section E

Answer: vii
Supporting Sentence: the more you use other technologies such as the internet, the more you trust them
Keyword : use, technologies, internet, trust
Keyword Location: paragraph E, line 4
Explanation: Being familiar with AI beforehand can greatly enhance people's perceptions of the technology, according to paragraph E. Evidence also implies that you trust other technology more the more you use them, including the internet. Learning more about the algorithms that AI employs and the functions they perform may be another approach.

Section F

Answer: v
Supporting Sentence: more satisfied with its decisions, more likely to believe it was superior and more likely to use it in the future
Keyword : satisfied, superior, use, future
Keyword Location: paragraph F, line 4
Explanation: According to paragraph F, when given the option to modestly alter an algorithm, consumers felt more confident in its judgements. They had a higher propensity to regard it as superior and to apply it going forward.

Questions 33 – 35

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.

What is the writer doing in Section A?

providing a solution to a concern
justifying an opinion about an issue
highlighting the existence of a problem
explaining the reasons for a phenomenon

Answer: C
Supporting Sentence: we still seem to deeply lack confidence in AI predictions. Recent cases show that people don’t like relying on AI and prefer to trust human experts
Keyword : lack, confidence,relying, trust, human experts
Keyword Location: paragraph A, line 6-7
Explanation: We still seem to have a very low level of confidence in forecasts made by AI, according to paragraph A. Recent events demonstrate that people prefer to believe human specialists even when they are mistaken rather than depending on AI.

According to Section C, why might some people be reluctant to accept AI?

They are afraid it will replace humans in decision-making jobs.
Its complexity makes them feel that they are at a disadvantage.
They would rather wait for the technology to be tested over a period of time.
Misunderstandings about how it works make it seem more challenging than it is.

Answer: B
Supporting Sentence: AI’s decision-making process is usually too difficult for most people to comprehend
Keyword : comprehend, difficult, process
Keyword Location: paragraph C, line 6
Explanation: According to paragraph C, most humans find it challenging to understand how AI makes decisions. Furthermore, engaging with something we don't understand can make us feel anxious and in control less. Additionally, a lot of folks are just unfamiliar with several examples of AI that actually operate.

What does the writer say about the media in Section C of the text?

It leads the public to be mistrustful of AI.
It devotes an excessive amount of attention to AI.
Its reports of incidents involving AI are often inaccurate.
It gives the impression that AI failures are due to designer error.

Answer: A
Supporting Sentence: Embarrassing AI failures receive a disproportionate amount of media attention, emphasising the message that we cannot rely on technology.
Keyword : embarrassing, disproportionate, cannot rely
Keyword Location: paragraph C, last few lines
Explanation: Embarrassing AI failures are given an excessive amount of media attention, according to paragraph C. Thus, it is important to emphasise the idea that we cannot rely solely on technology. In part due to the human beings that created it, machine learning is not error-free.

Questions 36 – 40

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?

In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Subjective depictions of AI in sci-fi films make people change their opinions about automation.

Answer: No
Supporting Sentence: people from a range of backgrounds were given various sci-fi films about AI to watch and then asked questions about automation
Keyword : sci-fi films, watch, questions, background
Keyword Location: paragraph D, line 1-2
Explanation: According to paragraph D, a recent study involved showing several sci-fi movies on AI to participants from a variety of backgrounds. After that, questions concerning everyday automation followed. The participants' perspectives were observed to become polarised just by watching a movie portrayal of our technological future.

Portrayals of AI in media and entertainment are likely to become more positive.

Answer: Not Given
Explanation: The passage doesn’t contain the relevant information regarding the statement.

Rejection of the possibilities of AI may have a negative effect on many people’s lives.

Answer: Yes
Supporting Sentence: refusing to accept the advantages offered by AI could place a large group of people at a serious disadvantage.
Keyword : refusing, disadvantage, advantage, people
Keyword Location: paragraph D, last line
Explanation: As per paragraph D, as artificial intelligence (AI) is depicted more and more in media and entertainment, this could cause a rift in society. Rift could be between those who support AI and those who oppose it. More importantly, rejecting the benefits that AI offers could severely disadvantage a significant number of people.

Familiarity with AI has very little impact on people’s attitudes to the technology.

Answer: No
Supporting Sentence: previous experience with AI can significantly improve people’s opinions about the technology
Keyword : previous experience, improve opinion, people
Keyword Location: paragraph E, line 1
Explanation: Being familiar with AI beforehand can greatly enhance people's perceptions of the technology, according to paragraph E. Evidence also implies that you trust other technology more the more you use them, including the internet.

AI applications which users are able to modify are more likely to gain consumer approval.

Answer: Yes
Supporting Sentence: people are given a degree of responsibility for how they are implemented, they will be more willing to accept AI into their lives.
Keyword: responsibility, implemented, willing, to accept
Keyword Location: paragraph F, last lines
Explanation: The complex internal workings of AI systems are not necessary for understanding, as stated in paragraph F. However, humans will be more open to incorporating AI into their life if they are given some control over how it is done.

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