Anesthesiology Reading Answers
The IELTS Reading section includes a given passage that is followed by questions for which the candidates need to respond to the questions in relevance to the passage. The IELTS exam is for assessing the proficiency of the candidates in the English language in speaking, reading, writing and listening. IELTS Reading profusely requires candidates to be highly effective in their reading skills. IELTS Academic Reading consists of a passage with corresponding questions that candidates need to respond to by proving their reading skills. Anesthesiology Reading Answers would help students to prepare for their exam. The following types of questions are included in the passage:
- True/False/Not Given
- Matching
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Section 1
Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions
Anesthesiology Reading Answers
A.
Since the beginning of time, man has had natural remedies for pain. Between 40 and 60 A.D., Greek physician, Dioscorides led with the Roman armies, studying the medicinal properties of plants and minerals. His book, De materia medica, written in five volumes and translated into at least seven languages, was the primary reference source for physicians for over sixteen centuries. The field of anesthesiology, which was once nothing more than a list of medicinal plants and makeshift remedies, has grown into one of the most important fields in medicine.
B.
Many of the early pain relievers were based on myth and did little to relieve the suffering of an ill or injured person. The mandragora (now known as the mandrake plant) was one of the first plants to be used as an anesthetic. Due to the apparent screaming that the plant made as it was pulled from the ground, people in the Middle Ages believed that the person who removed the mandrake from the earth would either die or go insane. This superstition may have resulted because the split root of the mandrake resembled the human form. In order to pull the root from the ground, the plant collector would loosen it and tie the stem to an animal. It was believed that the safest time to uproot a mandrake was in the moonlight, and the best animal to use is a black dog. In his manual, Dioscorides suggested boiling the root with wine and having a man drink the potion to remove sensation before cutting his flesh or burning his skin. Opium and Indian hemp were later used to induce sleep before a painful procedure or to relieve the pain of an illness. Other remedies such as cocaine did more harm to the patient than good as people died from their addictions. President Ulysses S. Grant became addicted to cocaine before he died of throat cancer in 1885.
C.
The modern field of aesthetics dates to the incident where nitrous oxide (more commonly known as laughing gas) was accidentally discovered. Humphrey Davy, the inventor of the
Miner's lamp discovered that inhaling the toxic compound caused a strange euphoria, followed by fits of laughter, tears, and sometimes unconsciousness. U.S. dentist, Horace Wells, was the
first on record to experiment with laughing gas, which he used in 1844 to relieve pain during a tooth extraction. Two years later. Dr. William Morton created the first anesthetic machine. This apparatus was a simple glass globe containing an ether-soaked sponge. Morton considered ether a good alternative to nitrous oxide because the numbing effect lasted considerably longer. His apparatus allowed the patient to inhale vapors whenever the pain became unbearable. In 1846, during a trial experiment in Boston, a tumor was successfully removed from a man's jaw area while he was anesthetized with Morton's machine.
D.
The first use of anesthesia in the obstetric fire' red in Scotland by Dr. James Simpson. Instead of ether which he considered irritating to the eyes, Simpson administered chloroform to reduce the pain of childbirth. Simpson sprinkled chloroform on a handkerchief and allowed laboring women to inhale the fumes at their own discretion. In 1853, Queen Victoria agreed to use chloroform during the birth of her eighth child. Soon the use of chloroform during childbirth was both acceptable and fashionable. However, as chloroform became a more popular anesthetic, knowledge of its toxicity surfaced, and it was soon obsolete.
E.
After World War Il, numerous developments were made in the field of aesthetics. Surgical procedures that had been unthinkable were being performed with little or no pain felt by the patient. Rather than physicians or nurses who administered pain relief as part of their profession, anesthesiologists became specialists in suppressing consciousness and alleviating pain. Anesthesiologists today are classified as perioperative physicians, meaning they take care of a patient before, during, and after surgical procedures. It takes over eight years of schooling and four years of residency until an anesthesiologist is prepared to practice in the United States. These experts are trained to administer three different types of anesthetics: general, local, and regional. General anesthetic is used to put a patient into a temporary state of unconsciousness. Local anesthetic is used only at the affected site and causes a loss of sensation. Regional anesthetic is used to block the sensation and possibly the movement of a larger portion of the body. As well as controlling the levels of pain for the patient before and throughout an operation, anesthesiologists are responsible for monitoring and controlling the patient's vital functions during the procedure and assessing the medical needs in the post- operative room.
F.
The number of anesthesiologists in the United States has as has the improvement and success of operative care. In addition, complications from anesthesiology have declined dramatically. Over 40 million aesthetics are administered in the United States each year, with only 1 in 250,000 causing death.
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Section 2
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information in
Passage? In boxes 1-6 on your Answer Sheet write
TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the passage.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage.
- Dioscorides' book, De materia medica, fell out of use after 60 A.D.
- Mandragora was used as an anesthetic during the Middle Ages.
- Nitrous oxide can cause the user to both laugh and cry.
- During the second half of the 19th century, most dentists used anesthesia.
- Anesthesiologists in the United States are required to have 12 years of education and training.
- There are lewer anesthesiologists in the United States now than in the past.
Question 1:
Answer: False
Supporting sentence- Between 40 and 60 A.D, Greek physician Dioscorides traveled with the Roman armies, studying the medicinal properties of plants and minerals. His book, De materia Medica, written in five volumes and translated into at least seven languages, was the primary reference source for physicians for over sixteen centuries.
Keywords- 'Between 40 and 60 A.D'
Keywords Location- Paragraph : A, Line : 2 & 3
Explanation- As it is clearly mentioned in the Paragraph A that, between 40 and 60 A.D, Dioscorides who traveled with the Roman troops wrote the ''De materia medica'', the book was written in five volumes and translated later into at least seven languages. It was considered as the primary reference source for physicians for over sixteen centuries. Thus, the statement is False.
Question 2:
Answer: True
Supporting sentence- The mandragora (now known as the mandrabe plant) was one of the first plants to be used as an anaesthetic. Due to the apparent screaming that the plant made as it was pulled from the ground, people in the Middle Ages believed that the person who removed the Mandrabe from the earth would either die or go insane.
Keywords- 'The mandragora (now known as the mandrabe plant) was one of the first plants to be used as an anaesthetic', 'people in the Middle Ages'.
Keywords Location- Paragraph : B, Line : 2 & 3
Explanation- According to the Paragraph B, the Mandragora which is known as Mandrabe plant was one of the first plants to be used as an anaesthetic during the Middle Ages. As the people in the Middle Ages had some strange myth associated with this plant. So, the statement is True.
Question 3:
Answer: True
Supporting sentence- The modern field of anaesthetics dates to the incident when nitrous oxide (more commonly known as laughing gas) was accidentally discovered. Humphrey Davy, the inventor of the miner's lamp, discovered that inhaling the toxic compound caused a strange euphoria, followed by fits of laughter, tears, and sometimes unconsciousness.
Keywords- 'nitrous oxide (more commonly known as laughing gas)', 'caused a strange euphoria, followed by fits laughter, years'.
Keywords Location- Paragraph: C, Line : 1 & 2
Explanation: from the discovery of the Humphrey Davy inhaling toxic has been identified with immense compound that causes
Question 4:
Answer: Not Given
Question 5:
Answer: True
Supporting sentence- It takes over eight years of schooling and four years of residency until an anaesthesiologist is prepared to practice in the United States.
Keywords - 'eight years of schooling and four years of residency until an anaesthesiologist is prepared to practice in the United States'.
Keywords Location- Paragraph : E, Line : 5
Explanation- As it is clearly expressed in the fifth line of paragraph E that it takes over eight yeas of schooling and four years of residency, i.e altogether twelve years of education and training to become a qualified and professional Anaesthesiolgist to practice in the United States. Thus the statement is True.
Question 6:
Answer: False
Supporting sentence- The number of anaesthesiologists in the United States has more than doubled since the 1970s, as has the improvement and success of operative care.
Keywords- 'The number of anaesthesiologists in the United States has more than doubled since the 1970s'.
Keywords Location- Paragraph : F, Line : 1
Explanation- As the first line of Paragraph F illustrates that due to the improvement and success of operative care and treatment the number of anaesthesiologists in the United States has more than doubled since the 1970s. Hence, the statement is False.
Questions 7 to 12:
Match each fact about anesthesia with the type of anesthetic that it refers to. There are more types of aesthetics listed than facts, so you won't use them all. Write the correct letter, A-H in boxes 7-12 on your Answer Sheet.
Types of Anesthetic A general anesthetic B local anesthetic C regional anesthetic D chloroform E ether F nitrous oxide G opium H mandrake
- used by sprinkling on a handkerchief
- used on only one specific part of the body
- used by boiling with wine
- used first during a dental procedure
- used to stop feeling over a larger area of the body
- used in the first anesthetic machine
Question 7:
Answer: D
Supporting sentence - Simpson sprinkled chloroform on a handkerchief and allowed laboring women to inhale the fumes at their own discretion.
Keywords- 'sprinkled chloroform on a handkerchief'
Keywords Location- Paragraph : D, Line : 3
Explanation- It is clearly expressed in the third line of paragraph D that Dr. Simpson sprinkled chloroform on a handkerchief and used it as an anesthetic element to the treatment of the laboring women, as they inhale the fumes at their own discretion. So, it is clear that chloroform is used by sprinkling on a handkerchief by the medical professionals. Thus the correct answer is D.
Question 8:
Answer: B
Supporting sentence- Local anesthetic is used only at the affected site and causes a loss of sensation.
Keywords- 'Local anesthetic is used only at the affected site'.
Keywords Location- Paragraph : E, Line : 8
Explanation- As it is clearly mentioned in the Paragraph E that local anesthetic were used only at one specific part of the body which caused the loss of sensation of that area. Hence the correct answer is B.
Question 9:
Answer: H
Supporting sentence- It was believed that the safest time to uproot a mandrake was in the moonlight and the best animal to use was a black dog. In his manual, Dioscorides suggested boiling the root with wine and having a man drink the potion to remove sensation before cutting his flesh or burning his skin.
Keywords- 'a mandrabe', 'boiling the root with wine'.
Keywords Location- Paragraph : B, Line : 6 & 7
Explanation- According to the Paragraph B the safest time to uproot the Mandrabe was in the moonlight and It was suggested by Dioscorides in his manual that to remove sensation before cutting the affected area of the body boiling the Mandrabe root with wine and having the patient to drink the liquid is useful. Thus the correct answer is H.
Question 10:
Answer: F
Supporting sentence- U.S. dentist, Horace Wells, was the first on record to experiment with laughing gas, which he used in 1844 to relieve pain during a tooth extraction.
Keywords- 'laughing gas', 'which he used in 1844 to relieve pain during a tooth extraction'.
Keywords Location- Paragraph : C, Line : 3
Explanation- According to the Paragraph C, Nitrous oxide which is known as laughing gas was first used anaesthetic during a dental procedure. In 1844 U.S dentist Horace Wells used the element to relieve the pain of the patient during a tooth extraction. Thus the correct answer is F.
Question 11:
Answer: C
Supporting sentence- Regional anesthetic is used to block the sensation and possibly the movement of a larger portion of the body.
Keywords- 'Regional anesthetic', 'to block the sensation and possibly the movement of a larger portion of the body'.
Keywords Location- Paragraph : E, Line : 9
Explanation- According to Paragraph E, the regional anesthetic is different from the local anesthetic. The regional anesthetic was used to block the sensation and movement over a larger area of the body. Thus, the correct answer is C.
Question 12:
Answer: E
Supporting sentence- Two years later, Dr. William Morton created the first anesthetic machine. This apparatus was a simple glass globe containing an ether- soaked sponge. Morton considered ether a good alternative to nitrous oxide because the numbing effect lasted considerably longer.
Keywords - 'first anesthetic machine', 'This apparatus was a simple glass globe containing an ether - soaked sponge'
Keywords Location- Paragraph : C, Line : 4 to 6
Explanation- According to Paragraph C, William Morton created the first anesthetic apparatus. The machine had a simple glass globe which contained an ether - soaked sponge. According to Morton, ether was a good alternative to nitrous oxide because of its numbing effect which lasted longer. Thus, ether was used in the first anesthetic machine. So, the correct answer is E.
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